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BYPASS GRAFT
INTRODUCTION
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a major surgical
operation where atheromatous blockages in a patient’s coronary
arteries are bypassed with harvested venous or arterial conduits. The
bypass restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium which, in
turn, restores function, viability, and relieves anginal symptoms.
Almost 400,000 CABG surgeries are performed each year
making it the most commonly performed major surgical procedure,
but surgical trends have decreased as the use of alternative options
such as medical treatment and percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI) have increased.
History of Heart Surgery
• Prior to 1930’s, heart surgery seen as impossible, with
high morbidity and mortality
• 1937: Dr. John Gibbon designs heart-lung machine,
which enables cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)
• 1955: Vineburg and Buller implant internal mammary
artery into myocardium to treat cardiac ischemia and
angina
• 1958: Longmire, Cannon and Kattus at UCLA perform
first open coronary artery endarterectomy without CPB
• During 1960’s and 1970’s, CPB and cardioplegic arrest
are adopted, allowing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
(CABG) to emerge as a viable surgical treatment
• According to the American Heart Association 427,000 coronary
artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries were performed in the
United States in 2004, making it one of the most commonly
performed major operations.
MIDCAB CABG
Full sternotomy No Yes
CPB No Yes
Operating time 2-3 hrs 3-6 hrs
Recovery time 1-2 weeks 3-6 months
Effectiveness 90% 90%
Incision length 10 cm 30 cm
NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Pre operative nursing care
• Intra operative nursing care
• Post operative care
PRE OPERATIVE NURSING CARE
Assessment