DATA COLLECTION

Mrs.Sudershna Lal
Asst.Professor
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
1) Journals, Diaries
2) Document Collection
3) Field Notes
4) Interview Discussion
5) Stimulated Recall
6) Classroom Diagrams and Maps
7) Think Aloud
8) Self Report
9) Questionnaire
10) Observation
11) Triangulation
DIARIES:
 Diary : A booklet where one keeps their daily record of events and
experience. Diaries can be kept by learners, teachers or participant
observers.
1. Provides A first person account, direct information
2. Private documents
3. No rules about keeping diary
JOURNALS:
 Journal : A record of thoughts, feelings, reflections and
observations of the writer.
1. It is usually more than one or group account
2. Public documents
3. Focuses on a specific lesson, activity or study
DOCUMENT COLLECTION:
Documents are records for references

• Hospital Patient’s records

- IPD documents
- OPD documents

• Student’s records
• Employee’s records

Documents are the data recorded may be

confidential /Public
FIELD NOTES:
 Fieldnotes are contemporaneous notes of observations or
conversation taken during the conduct of qualitative research.
Notes can be time based (every 5 minutes)
INTERVIEWS DISCUSSION:
1. The person conducting the interview is called as the «interviewer»
2. The person who is interviewed is called as «interviewee»
1. «Unstructured interviews» are more like an everyday conversation. They
tend to be more informal, open ended, flexible and free flowing. Questions
are not pre-set, although there are usually certain topics that the researchers
wish to cover.
2. «A semi-structured interview» is a qualitative method of inquiry that
combines a pre-determined set of open questions (questions that prompt
discussion) with the opportunity for the interviewer to explore particular
themes or responses further.
3. «A structured interview,» or a standardized interview is a quantitative
research method commonly used in survey research. The aim of this
approach is to confirm that each interview is offered with exactly the same
questions in the same order.
STIMULATED RECALL:
 It helps to reconstruct the student’s behaviors and attitudes in the class.
 Videotape is used
 After the class, videotape should be watched immediately.
CLASSROOM DIAGRAMS AND MAPS:
 Visual representations of how space and movement work in the classroom .
THINK ALOUD :
 The think-aloud strategy asks students to say out loud what they are thinking
about when reading, solving math problems, or simply responding to questions
posed by teachers or other students.
SELF REPORT :
A self-report study is a type of survey, questionnaire, or poll in which
respondents read the question and select a response by themselves without
researcher interference. A self-report is any method which involves asking
a participant about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on.
QUESTIONNAIRE
 A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions for obtaining information from
respondents.
 Self administered questionnaires
• Postal and drop & collect Interviewer administered questionnaires
• Telephone and structured interview
A set of criteria ;
I. Piloting the questionnaire is important but difficult
II. The instructions should be very clear and explicit
III. Questionnaires should be anonymous
IV. Avoid using unusual words
V. Number the questionnaire items and pages shouldn’t be a lot and
confusing
VI. The appearance and lay out of the questionnaire should be
attractive
Questions can be:
1.Closed ended question format
2. Open question format
Open ended
Closed ended :
OBSERVATION:
 Observation: to establish data concerning what goes on in
lifestyle/field/area/classroom or in a range of
lifestyle/field/area/classrooms without interfering in the
process.
TRIANGULATION:
Triangulation is often used to indicate that two (or more) techniques are
used in a study in order to check the results.
Using multiple tools of data collection.

We can triangulate our data on three levels:

 The level of data sources
 The level of data collection or research methods
 The level of data analysis or theoretical triangulation
 DATA
TRIANGULATION

INVESTIGATOR
TRIANGULATION

THEORETICAL
METHODOLOGICAL
TRIANGULATION
TRIANGULATION
Any Questions ??