Groups and Functions

A group G denoted by {G, •}, is a

set under some operations (•) if it satisfies
the CAIN properties.

What is a  C- Closure Property
Group?  A- Associative Property
 I- Identity Property
 N- iNverse Property
  An Abelian Group is a group that also
satisfies Commutative Property where (a
Abelian Group • b) = (b • a) for all a, b ∈ G.
 Property Explanation

Closure a, b ∈ G, then (a • b) ∈ G.

Associative a • (b • c) = (a • b) • c for all a, b, c ∈ G.

How to tell if a

Abelian Group

Group
Identity Element (a • e) = (e • a) = a for all a, e ∈ G.

set is a group? Inverse Element (a • a’) = (a’ • a) = e for all a, a’ ∈ G.

Commutative (a • b) = (b • a) for all a, b ∈ G.

 Z = { …, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, … }
Property Explanation

Closure a, b ∈ G, then (a • b) ∈ G.
4+5=9 4, 5, 9 ∈ Z
Associative a • (b • c) = (a • b) • c for all a, b, c ∈ G.

4 + (2 + 5) = (2 + 4) +5 = 11 2, 4, 5 ∈ Z

Abelian Group

Group
Example
Identity Element (a • e) = (e • a) = a for all a, e ∈ G.

(-10 + 0) = (0 + [-10]) e=0 -10, 0 ∈ Z

Inverse Element (a • a’) = (a’ • a) = e for all a, a’ ∈ G.

(3 + [-3]) = (-3 + 3) = 0 -3, 3 ∈ Z

Commutative (a • b) = (b • a) for all a, b ∈ G.

(2 + 1) = (1 + 2) 1, 2 ∈ Z
  Function, in mathematics, an
expression, rule, or law that defines a
relationship between one variable (the
What is a independent variable) and another
Function? variable (the dependent variable).
Functions are ubiquitous in mathematics
and are essential for formulating
physical relationships in the sciences.
Parts of a
Function
  f(x) = x+2
 g(x) = x² - 3
 y = mx + b
Examples of  Price(apple) = apple(20Php)
Functions  X + 4y = 5

 NOTE: x² + y² = z² is not a function

Types: