BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Description:
To save lives;
• A person who shows no signs of life,
• Pumping blood from the heart with external cardiac
massage
• To provide ventilation with artificial respiration
are non-drug interventions.

1
 Life Saving Chain

Ring 1: Early Search, Early Recognition

Ring 2: Early Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Ring 3: Early Defibrillation
Ring 4: Post Resuscitation Care 2
 Ensure safety
SAFETY: Do a consciousness check
If there's no answer, call for
Saviour
help.
Open the airway (A)
Environment Check respiration and pulse
(B/C)*
Call 112 if not breathing
Sick / Injured (OED use)*

Enthusiasts / 30 chest compressions

Audience
2 breathing
30 chest compressions
3
 HOW ARE YOU?
Ensure safety
ARE YOU OK?
Do a consciousness check
If there's no answer, call for
help.
Open the airway (A)
Check respiration and pulse
(B/C)*
Call 112 if not breathing
(OED use)*
 Determine whether 30 chest compressions
he/she reacts by shaking
his/her shoulders without 2 breathing
disturbing the head neck 30 chest compressions
body axis. 4
 Ensure safety
If consciousness is clear; Do a consciousness check
If there is no risk, the position is
maintained and monitored. The If there's no answer, call for
patient's whole body is checked help.
Open the airway (A)
and evaluated at regular intervals.
Respiration and pulse
Call 112
(B/C)*
if not breathing
Unconsciousness;
(OED use)*
The patient is turned to supine
position by preserving the head- 30 chest compressions
neck-spine axis and the next basic
life support step is started. 2 breathing
30 chest compressions
5
 Consciousness Control
Ensure safety
Do a consciousness check
If there's no answer, call

If not responding Openfor

thehelp.
airway (A)
Check respiration and pulse
(B/C)*
Call 112 if not breathing
(OED use)*
30 chest compressions
CALL FOR 2 breathing
HELP 30 chest compressions
6
 Opening the Airway (A)
Since the muscle tone decreases in the unconscious patient, the
tongue and/or epiglottis falls backwards and causes obstruction
of the airway.

7
Firstly, the inside of the mouth is
checked,
If there is a foreign body, it is
removed.
Then, if there is no suspicion of
trauma, the "Head Back Chin Up"
manoeuvre is applied.
Head tilt-chin lift manoeuvre
(head tilt-chin lift)
Ensure safety
Do a consciousness check
If there's no answer, call for
help.
Open the airway (A)
Check respiration and pulse
(B/C)*
Call 112 if not breathing
(OED use)*
30 chest compressions
2 breathing
30 chest compressions
8
 Opening the Airway (A)
If trauma is suspected, a "jaw thrust manoeuvre" is performed.

Jaw Thrust Manoeuvre (Jaw-Thrust) 9

 Ensure safety
Do a consciousness check
If there's no answer, call for
help.
Open the airway (A)
Check respiration and pulse
(B/C)*
Call 112 if not breathing
(OED use)*
30 chest compressions
2 breathing
30 chest compressions
10
 Respiratory and pulse control (B/C)
By keeping the airway open,
to determine whether normal
breathing is present
Look - Listen - Feel
method;
I. Look at the chest movements
II. Listen to respiratory sounds
III. Feel the breath on your cheek
"Look-listen-feel" with the fingers of the other hand
the presence of pulse from the carotid artery is checked. 11
 KOMA POSITION

If the patient/injured is breathing normally;

• Give coma position (Recovery).*

• Call 112.
• Check respiratory continuity.

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 Automatic
Ensure safety
External Defibrillator
(OED) Do a consciousness check
If there's no answer, call for
help.
Open the airway (A)
Check respiration and
pulse(B)*
Call 112 if not breathing
(use of OED)*
30 chest compressions
2 breathing
30 chest compressions 13
Use of OED if there is no circulation:

• At this stage, if the rescuer is

the only one and 112 has not
yet been called, 112 should be
called for early defibrillation
in an adult.
• If there is an OED in the
environment, it should be
requested / brought and the
device should be ready.

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 Automatic External Defibrillator (OED)

• Reliable devices that guide both healthcare and non-healthcare

practitioners to initiate safe defibrillation and provide verbal and
visual warnings to do so

• It should be applied to patients who are unconscious, without

respiration, without pulse, weighing over 25 kg and over 8 years of
age. (Paediatric pads should be used in cases under 8 years of age.
Use under 1 year of age is not recommended).

• If possible, chest compression should be started without delay

during OED preparation.

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 OED Use

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is
started rapidly.
• The OED is switched on, and if the
device is a semi-automatic defibrillator,
it is switched to the OED position.
• Adhesive electrode pads are placed on
the apex and sternum of the patient's
chest
• The connection of the pads to the
device is checked.
• In semi-automatic defibrillators, spoon cables are removed and
disposable pad cables are attached to the spoon connection site.
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 OED Use

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is
continued until the electrodes are
placed on the chest and the device
starts the heart rhythm analysis
process.
• The analysis process is started and the
audible and visual warnings of the
Automatic External Defibrillator are
monitored.
• While the Automatic External Defibrillator is analysing the
rhythm, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be interrupted
to allow the analysis to be performed. 17
 OED Use

• If the Automated External Defibrillator device recommends a

"shock" (defibrillation) after rhythm analysis;
– Make sure that no one touches the patient.
– The shock button is pressed in accordance with the audible
warnings.
– Immediately after shock, 30: 2 cardiopulmonary resuscitation
is started.
– The process is continued in line with audio/visual warnings.

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 OED Use

• If the Automated External Defibrillator device does not

recommend "shock" after rhythm analysis;
– Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (30: 2) is continued for 2
minutes.
– At the end of 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is
interrupted while the Automatic External Defibrillator,
which alerts at the end of 2 minutes, analyses the rhythm.
– The procedure is continued in line with the audible/visual
warnings of the Automatic External Defibrillator.
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 Supporting Circulation Ensure safety
Do a consciousness check
Call for help if there is no
response
Open the airway (A)
Check respiration and
pulse(B)*
Call 112 if not breathing
(OED use)*

30 chest compressions
The heel of the strong hand is
placed in the centre of the lower 2 breathing
half ½ of the sternum 30 chest compressions
(breastbone) so that it does not 20
 Supporting Circulation
• Fingers and palms should not
touch the sternum,
• Arms straight on the patient's
chest, elbows unbent,
• By collapsing the sternum at
least 5 cm
• 30 compressions are performed
Ensure safety
Do a consciousness check
Call for help if there is no
response
Open the airway (A)
Check respiration and
pulse(B)*
Call 112 if not breathing
(OED use)*
30 chest compressions
2 breathing
30 chest compressions
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 Chest Compression

Chest compression should be done vertically. 22

 Chest Compression

Hand-chest contact should not be interrupted

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Chest Compression

Fingers must be interlocked

45
 Exhalation Process

 After 30 compressions with "head back and chin up

manoeuvre" airline opens.
 It closes the soft part of the nose by pinching the sides with the
thumb and forefinger of the hand.
 The patient's mouth is placed in his/her own mouth in such a
way that there is no air leakage.

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 The chest cage is monitored Ensure safety
and 2 consecutive breaths are
given for 1 second. Do a consciousness check

 Care must be taken to maintain Call for help if there is no

the "head back and chin up response
Open the airway (A)
manoeuvre" during exhalation.
Check respiration (B)
Call 112 if not breathing
30 chest compressions
2 breathing
30 chest compressions
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 Exhalation Process
 By maintaining the head-back-chin-up position, the return of
the rib cage to its original position is observed.
 The adequacy of ventilation is judged by looking at whether
the rib cage is rising or not.
 If the rib cage cannot be raised during exhalation, the position
is first checked.

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 Termination of Basic Life Support
For TYD;
a) Ensuring the return of the patient's respiratory and circulatory
functions,
b) The patient should be provided with advanced life support
conditions.

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 Criteria for High Quality Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation
 Compressions should be started rapidly.

 Chest compressions should be 100-120/min

 Compression depth should be at least 5 cm, maximum 6 cm

 Allow the chest to expand again during chest compressions

 Hyperventilation should be avoided, breathing should be below

12/min

 The intervals between compressions should be kept as short as

possible. The break should not exceed 10 seconds. 29