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Dr. Shyielathy Arumugam

Academic Lecturer
Institute of Teacher Education,
Campus Ipoh

44th Malaysian
44 Paediatric Association
Malaysian Paediatric
th
AssociationAnnual Congress
Annual Congress 2023 2023
 Definition
Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-
impulsivity that interferes with functioning or
development.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

 PREVALENCE OF ADHD
 In Malaysia, the estimated prevalence of ADHD
range from 1.6% to 4.6%.
 Boys are three to four times more likely to be
diagnosed with ADHD than girls.

Malaysian Health Technology Assessment Section (MaHTAS)

Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2020

44th Malaysian Paediatric Association Annual Congress 2023

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9% of total
enrolment

44th Malaysian Paediatric Association Annual Congress 2023

Special Needs Categories in Malaysia
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Special Education in Malaysia

7
IMPACT OF ADHD ON STUDENTS
1. Academic challenges

Inattention: Impulsivity: Hyperactivity: Test-taking and

•Difficulty •Impulsive • challenging for Studying:
staying focused behaviors may students to sit •Preparing for exams
on tasks and result in speaking still during and studying can be
following out of turn, lessons, particularly challenging
instructions can interrupting the causing for students with
lead to teacher, and not distractions for ADHD, as they may
incomplete waiting for themselves and struggle to maintain
assignments and instructions, others. focus and retain
lower academic disrupting the • struggle to information.
performance. learning engage in
•Frequent environment for quiet, focused
careless errors on everyone. tasks for
homework and • rushing through extended
tests can assignments, periods.
negatively affect potentially
grades. resulting in
incomplete or
inaccurate work.
IMPACT OF ADHD ON STUDENTS
2. Coexisting Conditions

Learning Oppositional Anxiety Mood Disorder

Disabilities Defiant Disorder Disorders
(ODD) and
Conduct Disorder
(CD)
PARENT-TEACHER INPUT
OBSERVATION

IDENTIFYING
ADHD IN THE
CLASSROOM

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT PSYCOLOGICAL TEST

 SYMBEST
(Symptomatic
Behaviour Screening
Tool)

Symbest-screening.firebaseapp.com
Strategies for Managing ADHD in the Classroom

Classroom Accommodations and Individualized Education Plans

Modifications plans outline specific accommodations,
• Structured Routines modifications, and services the student
• Clear Instruction
needs to succeed academically.
• Seating Arrangement
• Visual Supports
• Frequent Breaks
• Organization tools

Behavior Management Techniques Assistive Technology and Learning Tools

• Positive reinforcement • Text-to-Speech and Speech-to-Text Software
• Clear rules and consequences
• Redirect & refocus
• Digital calendars and task manager
• Peer support • Noise-Cancelling Headphones
• Interactive Apps and Games
• Auditory Tools.
Teaching Strategies for Children with ADHD
Tailoring Instruction to ADHD Students
Differentiated
Instruction
Differentiate instruction by
providing various ways for
students to access and
demonstrate their learning.
Visual Support
charts, diagrams, and graphic
organizers to help students
Multisensory organize information and
concepts.
Learning
sight, sound, touch, and
movement
Clear & Concise
Communication
Break information into smaller,
manageable chunks and use
visual aids when possible.
Teaching Strategies for Children with ADHD

Effective Classroom Routines and Organization Visual Cues

visual cues and reminders to

Clear
Expectations
Establish clear classroom rules
and expectations. Communicate
these rules visually and verbally.
Structured Schedule
reinforce routines and
expectations
Organized
Environment
Use labeled bins and shelves for
materials. Minimize distractions
and provide designated spaces
for focused work

Maintain a consistent daily

schedule with clear transitions
between activities. Use visual
schedules or timers to help
students anticipate changes.
 Special Education Curriculum
http://bpk.moe.gov.my/index.php/terbitan-bpk/pendidikan-khas

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Special Education Curriculum

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Special Education Curriculum.

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Special Education Curriculum

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 Useful Resources for Teachers &
Parents

1. ADHD Observation Checklist

2. Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating
Scale
3. Attention Span Workbook

44th Malaysian Paediatric Association Annual Congress 2023

THANK YOU