Global Governance

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Describe the character of contemporary global

governance;
• Explain the role of international organizations;
and
• Evaluate the impact of globalization on
contemporary governance.
 INTRODUCTION

• The world is facing with threats and challenges

that no single country, no matter how powerful it
is can deal with.
THREATS AND CHALLENGES
THAT THE
WORLD IS FACING
 the unlawful use of force or violence against persons
or property to intimidate or coerce a Government, the
civilian population, or any segment.
 Significant Events of Terrorism
• “11 September Attacks” -September 11, 2001
-hijacked 4 commercial planes, 3000+ were killed
• “Bali Bombings” – October 12,2002
-202 people were killed (88 Australians, 38 Indonesians, and
other people from other nationalities)
“Mumbai Attack”-November 26, 2008
-more than 160 people including 18 police officers
were killed.

“Mumbai Railway Bombings”- July 11, 2005

-209 people were killed, 700 injured
 Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction

• Chemical -nerve agent, such as VX or Sarin, or mustard gas

• Biological-using a bacteria or virus
• Nuclear- Atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs
• Radiological- Dirty bomb
 Environmental Degradation
• Global Warming
• Climate Change
• Ozone Layer Depletion

-All are product of man’s actions

Natural Disasters
2010 Haiti quake
-230,000 people were killed
2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and
Tsunami
-230,000-280,000 people were killed
Cyclone Nargis (2008)
-84,500 people were killed with 53,800 missing
Pakistan Earthquake(2005)
-75,000 people were killed with 106,000 people injured
 Transnational Crimes

• Human trafficking (white slavery)

• People smuggling
• Smuggling/trafficking of goods (such as arms trafficking)
 Transnational Crimes
• Drug trafficking
• Sex Slavery and torture
Pandemics
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

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Security Environment Public Health Economic
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 And as these problems become common or global, they can
no longer be tolerated and require collective action to be managed.
1

What is common to them is that they cannot be dealt with

at national level, by individual states acting alone. No state acting alone can
2 resolve the turbulence of global economy and world economic crisis.

No state acting alone can overcome the terrorist challenge,

3
or fully protect itself from transborder diseases. No state
except North Korea can protect itself from dangerous ideas and ideologies.
Thus, what is needed is collective action,
and collective management for these problems. And
these collective management is GLOBAL GOVERNANCE.
 01 At the level of nation
states, there is such a
03
managing authority –
This rule setting and the GOVERNMENT. So this Global
collective management But at the international Governance
of common global level, government does takes place
problem takes place not exist without global
without a supreme government
authority, which could
be authorized for this
management
02
Collection of governance-related
activities, rules and
mechanisms, formal and
informal, existing at a variety
levels in the world today, also
referred to as the “pieces of
global governance.
 Pieces of Global Governance
• International Law
• Soft Law
• International Organizations
• NGOS
• International Regimes
• Global Conference
• Private Conference
 International Law

• International law is traditionally defined as the set of norms

and rules governing the relations between governments or
state entities.
 Examples of International Law

• Under International Maritime Law and the the Law of the Sea
• Treaties
• International criminal law
 Treaty
• an international agreement concluded between States
in written form and governed by international law,
whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or
more related instruments and whatever its particular
designation
 Soft Law
• to rules that are neither strictly binding in nature nor
completely lacking legal significance.
• In the context of international law, soft law refers to
guidelines, policy declarations or codes of conduct
which set standards of conduct.
• However, they are not directly enforceable.
 Examples of Soft Law

• UN General Assembly resolutions

• Codes (draft treaty, codification of existing law,
recommendation)
• Standards
 International Organizations

• organization established by a treaty or

other instrument governed by
international law and possessing its own
international legal personality
 International Organizations
• International organizations generally have States
as members, but often other entities can also
apply for membership. They both make
international law and are governed by it.
 Examples of International Organization

• World Bank
• World Trade Organization
• World Health Organization
 Non-Governmental Organization
• is a non-profit, citizen-based group that functions
independently of government.

• NGOs are organized on community, national and

international levels to serve specific social or political
purposes, and are cooperative, rather than
commercial, in nature.
 TWO BROAD GROUPS OF NGOS
.

• Operational NGOs, which focus on development

projects.
• Advocacy NGOs, which are organized to promote
particular causes.
 Types of NGO
• BINGO: business-friendly international NGO (example: Red
Cross)
• ENGO: environmental NGO (Greenpeace and World Wildlife
Fund)
• GONGO: government-organized non-governmental organization
(International Union for Conservation of Nature)
• INGO: international NGO (Oxfam)
• QUANGO: quasi-autonomous NGO (International Organization
for Standardization [ISO])
 International Regimes

• Implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules and

decision-making procedures around which actors'
expectations converge in a given area of
international relations.
 International Regimes

• Regimes are more specialized arrangements that

pertain to well-defined activities, resources, or
geographical areas and often involve only some
subset of the members of international society
 Examples of International Regimes
• CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Flora and Fauna)
• Basel Convention-which governs the international movement
of hazardous waste
• Gold Standard
• International Atomic Energy Agency- The global nuclear
regulatory regime
 Global Conference
• A global forum/meeting of people and
organizations that discusses global governance
• A unique forum bringing together the world's
largest network and nearly every government
 Examples of Global Conferences
• The Labour Party Conference
• WHO Global Health Promotion Conferences
• Copenhagen Conference on Climate Change
• Rio Earth Summit
 Private Governance
• Exercise of political power by private actors—
business and civil-society organizations—to
produce decisions that have abiding effects and
reduce actors’ autonomy
 Private Governance
• Private firms are attempting to establish
enforceable intellectual property rules for
music, software, harmonization standards
and sanitation regulation
 Actors of Global Governance
• STATES
• IGO’s
• NGO’S
• EXPERTS
• GLOBAL POLICY NETWORKS
• MNC’s
 Sources:
• Introduce textbook: Manfred Steger, Paul Battersby, and
Joseph M. Siracusa, eds. 2014.
• The SAGE Handbook of Globalization. Two vols. Thousand
Oaks: SAGE.
• https://
books.google.com.ph/books?id=slwgJginHR4C&printsec=frontc
over&dq=global+governance&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE9Z
qG2PbpAhUWQd4KHZUMAUIQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=global
%20governance&f=false
• https://www.un.org/en/