Learning

Objective

I will be able to determine the derivative of a function using first

principals

Success
Criteria
At the end of the lesson, I will be able to:
Determine the derivative of a function using first principals
Guided
Practice
Consider the function . By first finding the gradient of the secant through
and , find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at the point .

Gradient of
2 3
8+ 12h +6 h + h − 8
¿
h
2 3
12 h +6 h +h
¿
h
2
¿ 12 +6 h +h

Gradient of the tangent line at

Activating Prior
Knowledge
Derivative by First Principles
Consider the function Q
We can determine the derivative of function by
evaluating the limit (.
P

Differentiation by first principle is denoted by

lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥 + h ) − 𝑓 (𝑥 )
′ h→ 0
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑥 +h − 𝑥
lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥 +h ) − 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )
h→ 0
¿
h
Guided
Practice
Determine for each of the following:

𝑓 ( 𝑥 +h ) − 𝑓 ( 𝑥)
f ′ ( x )=lim
h→0 h
3 ( 𝑥 +h )2 +2 ( 𝑥 +h )+ 2−(3 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥+2)
¿ lim
h →0 h
3 ( 𝑥 2+2 𝑥h +h2 ) +2 𝑥+2 h+2 −3 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑥 − 2
¿ lim
h →0 h
2 2 2
3 𝑥 +6 𝑥h + 3 h +2 𝑥+ 2h +2 −3 𝑥 −2 𝑥 − 2
¿ lim
h →0 h
2
h h(6 𝑥 +3 h +2)
6 𝑥h +3 h +¿2lim ¿ lim 6 𝑥 +2 h +2
¿ lim
h →0 h h →0 h h →0

¿ 6 𝑥 +2
Guided
Practice
Determine for each of the following:

b)

𝑓 ( 𝑥 +h ) − 𝑓 ( 𝑥)
f ′ ( x )=lim
h→0 h
2− ( 𝑥 +h )3 −( 2− 𝑥 3 )
¿ lim
h →0 h
2− ( 𝑥 3+ 3 𝑥2 h+3 𝑥 h2 +h 3 ) −2+ 𝑥 3
¿ lim
h →0 h
3 2 2 3 3
2− 𝑥 −3 𝑥 h − 3 𝑥 h −h − 2+ 𝑥
¿ lim
h →0 h
2 2
h(− 3 𝑥 −3 𝑥h −h )
¿ lim
h →0 h
¿ lim − 3 𝑥 2 −¿
3 𝑥h
− − h2
3 𝑥
2
h →0
Guided
Practice
Let and be the points o the curve at which and respectively. Express the gradient of
the line in terms of , hence find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at .

Gradient of
2
4 + 4 h+ h + 4+ 2 h+5 −13
¿
h
h2 + 6 h
¿
h
¿ h +6

Gradient of the tangent line at

Independent
Practice
Complete Cambridge Ex 4A