Learning

Objective

I will be able to reverse the process of differentiation to find the

anti-derivative of simple polynomial functions

Success
Criteria
At the end of the lesson, I will be able to:
reverse the process of differentiation to find the anti-derivative of simple
polynomial functions
find the equation for an anti-derivative given initial conditions
Concept
Development
Rules of Anti-Derivative

𝑥 1
𝑥
2
2𝑥
3 2
𝑥 3𝑥
4 3
𝑥 4𝑥
5 4
𝑥 5𝑥
Concept
Development
Rules of Anti Derivative

𝑥 1
2
1
2
𝑥 𝑥
3
1 2
3
𝑥 𝑥
4
1 3
4
𝑥 𝑥
5
1 4
5
𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑛 𝑛 −1
𝑛
𝑥 𝑥
𝑎 𝑛 𝑛−1
𝑛
𝑥 𝑎𝑥
Concept
Development
Anti- differentiation:
Reversing the process of differentiation
Recall that differentiation is the process of finding the gradient function of any
given function.

Hence, anti-differentiation is the process of using a known gradient function to

find its anti-derivative, that is, the original function that it came from.

For example, if is the derivative of , then is the anti-derivative of .

Concept
Development
Rules of Anti-derivative
Given the derivative of is
To find the original function:

This reads: “the integral of with respect to x is ”

Example:
If , determine

∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥=𝑥 +𝑐 2
Concept
Development
Power Rule Type
Anti-Differentiation
Differentiation Anti-Differentiation
Generalisation Generalisation
1. Multiply by the power. 1. Add 1 to the power.
2. Take 1 off the power. 2. Divide by the new power.

If , then .
Guided Practice
Anti-differentiate the following functions.
a.

∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
6
6+1
¿ +𝑐
6+ 1
7
𝑥
¿ +𝑐
7
b.

∫ 2𝑣 𝑑𝑣
2 𝑣4
3

¿ +𝑐
4
𝑣4
¿ +𝑐
2
Concept
Development
Sum rule
To find
¿ ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) dx+ ∫ 𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) dx
Example:
𝑓 ′( 𝑥 )=𝑥 +2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =∫ 𝑥+ 2 dx
Concept
Development
Difference rule
To find
¿ ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) dx − ∫ 𝑔 ( 𝑥 ) dx
Example: ′ 3
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=𝑥 − 𝑥
3
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =∫ 𝑥 − 𝑥 dx
Concept
Development
Integration rule by constant
To find
¿ 𝑎 ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) dx
Example: ′ 3
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥 − 3 𝑥
3
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =∫ 2 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 dx
Guided Practice
Anti-differentiate the following functions.
a) b)

∫ 𝑡 +16𝑡 𝑑𝑡
3
𝑡
2

16 𝑡
2
∫ 11𝑤 −2𝑑𝑤
8
11 𝑤
7

¿ + +𝑐 ¿ − 2𝑤 +𝑐
3 2 8
𝑡3
¿ +8 𝑡 2+ 𝑐
3
 Guided
Practice

𝑥
𝑥 − 1 ) ∫𝑑𝑥
2
2
(
𝑥 𝑥+
− 2 𝑥 +1 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑥
−2
∫ 2 𝑥 +6 𝑥
−1 6
−3
𝑑𝑥
∫ √ 𝑥 (2 𝑥 + 𝑥2)
−2
3 5
2 ¿ 𝑥 + 𝑥 ∫ +𝑐
¿ 2 𝑥 2
+ 𝑥 2
𝑑
1 3 2 2 ¿ ∫ 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥−1 −2
𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 +𝑐 5 7
3 2 −1 −2
𝑥
¿ − 2 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 ¿+ 𝑐 +
2 2
𝑥 2

1 +c
1 3 5 7
𝑥 − 𝑥 +¿ +𝑐𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐
3 2
𝑥3
3 2 2
1
4 2 2 72
¿ 𝑥 + 𝑥 +𝑐
5 7
Guided
Practice

Step 1: find the anti derivative, f(x)

3 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥)= ∫ 4 𝑥 +6 𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥
4 3
4𝑥 6𝑥
¿ + + 2 𝑥 +𝑐
4 3
4 3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 +2 𝑥 +2 𝑥+ 𝑐
Substitute f(0) = 0

𝑐= 0
4 3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 +2 𝑥 +2 𝑥
Guided
Practice

Step 1: find the anti derivative, f(x) Set up in ClassPad eActivity, new line: Anti-Derivative
3 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥)= ∫ 4 𝑥 +6 𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑥
4 3
4𝑥 6𝑥
¿ + + 2 𝑥 +𝑐
4 3
4 3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 +2 𝑥 +2 𝑥+ 𝑐
Substitute f(0) = 0

𝑐= 0
4 3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 +2 𝑥 +2 𝑥
Guided
Practice

Given that

Step 1: find the anti derivative, f(x)

2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= ∫ 6 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3
6 𝑥
¿ +𝑐
3
3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =2 𝑥 +𝑐
Substitute f(0) = 12

𝑐 =12
3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =2 𝑥 +12
Guided
Practice
𝑦 = ∫ 2 𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥
2
2𝑥
2
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 +2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦= − 𝑥 +𝑐
2 𝑥
3
2𝑥
2

2 𝑦= + +𝑐
𝑦 =𝑥 − 𝑥 +𝑐 3 2
3
1 2
Substitute y=0, x=1 𝑦= 𝑥 +𝑥 +𝑐
3
Substitute y=2, x=0
2
𝑦 =𝑥 − 𝑥
3
1 2
𝑦= 𝑥 +𝑥 +2
3
Guided
Practice

Given that

Step 1: find the anti derivative, f(x)

2
( )
𝑓 𝑥 = ∫ 3 𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥
3
3 𝑥
¿ − 𝑥+ 𝑐
3
3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
Substitute f(1) = 2

𝑐= 2
3
( )
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 − 𝑥 + 2
Guided
Practice

F equation from the graph

What type of graph is it?

𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 ,=𝑚𝑥 +𝑐
𝑚 =− 1Substitute x=0, y=4
𝑐 =5
𝑑𝑦 1 2
=− 𝑥 +𝑦
5=− 𝑥 +5 𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑦 =∫ − 𝑥 +5 𝑑𝑥
1 2
𝑦 =− 𝑥 +5 𝑥 + 𝑐
2
Guided
Practice

At turning point,
′
𝑓 (− 2 )= 4 (− 2)+𝑘 =0 Substitute x=-2, y=-1
𝑘= 8
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= 4 𝑥 + 8 8 − 16 +𝑐 = − 1

𝑓 ( 𝑥)=∫ 4 𝑥+ 8 𝑑𝑥 𝑐 =7
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥 + 8 𝑥 +7
4 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑥 + 8 𝑥 +𝑐
2
(0 , 7 )
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥 + 8 𝑥 +𝑐
Guided
Practice
Substitute, to find

𝑎 ( 1 ) + 1=3
2 Substitute x=1, y=3

𝑎= 2
𝑑𝑦 2
=2 𝑥 + 1 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑐 =
3

𝑦 =∫ 2 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
2 2 3 4
𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑥+
3 3
2 3 2 4 2
𝑦= 𝑥 + 𝑥+ 𝑐 3
𝑦 = (2) +2+ = 8
3 3 3 3
Guided
Practice

Fthe gradient of the tangent

6
𝑚= =2
3
Substitute to find k
Substitute x=3, y=6
2 =2 ( 3 ) +𝑘
𝑘=− 4 𝑐= 9
𝑦 2
=2 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +9
𝑥

=∫ 2 𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥
2
= 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +𝑐
 Guided
Practice
𝑑𝑦 2
=𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑦 =∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

1 3
𝑦= 𝑥 +𝑐
3

Substitute x=2, y=1

8 5
𝑐 =1 − =−
3 3 1 3 5
𝑦= 𝑥 −
3 3
Independent
Practice
Complete Cambridge Ex 6B