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METHODS UNIT 3
WORKED SOLUTIONS
Chapter 7 Calculus of trigonometric functions
Exercise 7A
Question 1
dy
= 5x4 − 2 x
dx
Question 2
dy
= 3x 2
dx
Question 3
dy
= sin x
dx
Question 4
dy
= cos x − (− sin x)
dx
= cos x + sin x
Question 5
dy
=
− sin x − cos x
dx
dy 1
= 1−
dx cos 2 x
cos 2 x − 1
=
cos 2 x
− sin 2 x
=
cos 2 x
= − tan 2 x
Question 7
dy
=( x + 1) × 2 + (2 x − 3) × 1
dx
= 2x + 2 + 2x − 3
= 4x −1
Question 8
dy
= 5 x 2 × (−5) + (1 − 5 x) × 10 x
dx
=
−25 x 2 + 10 x − 50 x 2
=
−75 x 2 + 10 x
Question 9
dy
= 6 cos x
dx
Question 10
dy
= 4(− sin x)
dx
= −4sin x
Question 11
dy
= x(cos x) + sin x
dx
= x cos x + sin x
dy
=x 2 (− sin x) + cos x × 2 x
dx
= 2 x cos x − x 2 sin x
Question 13
dy (3 x 2 − 1) × 1 − x(6 x)
=
dx (3 x 2 − 1) 2
3x 2 − 1 − 6 x 2
=
(3 x 2 − 1) 2
−3 x 2 − 1
=
(3 x 2 − 1) 2
(3 x 2 + 1)
= −
(3 x 2 − 1) 2
Question 14
dy ( x 2 − 1) × 2 x − ( x 2 + 1) × 2 x
=
dx ( x 2 − 1) 2
2 x3 − 2 x − 2 x3 − 2 x
=
( x 2 − 1) 2
4x
= − 2
( x − 1) 2
Question 15
dy x(cos x) − sin x × 1
=
dx x2
x cos x − sin x
=
x2
Question 17
dy sin x × 1 − x cos x
=
dx sin 2 x
sin x − x cos x
=
sin 2 x
Question 18
Question 19
dy dy du
= × =
u x2 + 1
dx du dx
du
6=
u × 2x 2x
dx
= 12 x( x 2 + 1)
Question 20
dy dy du
= × =
u x2 −1
dx du dx
1 − 12 du
=u × 2x 2x
2 dx
x
=
x −1
2
dy dy du
= × u 6x
dx du dx
du
=
cos u×6 6
dx
= 6 cos 6 x
Question 22
dy dy du
= × =
u 2x + 3
dx du dx
du
=
− sin u × 2 =
2
dx
=
−2sin(2 x + 3)
Question 23
= =
y sin 2
x (sin x) 2
dy
= 2sin x cos x
dx
Question 24
dy
= 3sin 2 x cos x
dx
Question 25
dy
= 5cos 4 x(− sin x)
dx
= −5cos 4 x sin x
Question 26
dy
= − sin 3 x × 3
dx
= −3sin 3 x
dy
= 3cos(3 x − 7)
dx
Question 28
dy
=
2(− sin(2 x + 5))
dx
=
−2sin(2 x + 5)
Question 29
dy
=−3(− sin x)
dx
= 3sin x
Question 30
dy
=3 + 2(− sin x)
dx
= 3 − 2sin x
Question 31
dy
= 2 cos 2 x
dx
Question 32
dy
= 2 x − (− sin x)
dx
= 2 x + sin x
dy x 2 (cos x) − (1 + sin x) × 2 x
=
dx x4
x 2 cos x − 2 x(1 + sin x)
=
x4
x cos x − 2(1 + sin x)
=
x3
x cos x − 2sin x − 2
=
x3
Question 34
dy
= 3cos x − 2(− sin x)
dx
= 3cos x + 2sin x
Question 35
dy
= − sin 3 x × 3
dx
= −3sin 3 x
Question 36
dy
= −9sin 9 x
dx
Question 37
dy
= 3(− sin 2 x) × 2
dx
= −6sin 2 x
Question 38
dy
= 5cos 3 x × 3
dx
= 15cos 3 x
dy
= 2 cos 3 x × 3 + 3(− sin 2 x) × 2
dx
= 6 cos 3 x − 6sin 2 x
Question 40
dy
= 5sin 4 x cos x
dx
Question 41
dy
= 5 × 2 cos x(− sin x)
dx
= −10 cos x sin x
Question 42
1
dy 1 −
= (sin x) 2 cos x
dx 2
cos x
=
2 sin x
Question 43
f ′( x) = 7 cos 7 x
Question 44
f ′( x) = 8cos8 x
Question 45
f ′( x) cos 4 x × 4 + (− sin 4 x) × 4
=
= 4 cos 4 x − 4sin 4 x
f ′( x) 2 × cos(3 x − 1) × 3
=
= 6 cos(3 x − 1)
Question 47
4 [ − sin(4 x + 3) ] × 4
f ′( x) =
=
−16sin(4 x + 3)
Question 48
f ′( x) = 2 × 3sin 2 x × cos x
= 6sin 2 x cos x
Question 49
Question 50
f ′( x) =−
x( sin x) + cos x ×1
= cos x − x sin x
Question 51
f ′( x) =x 2 (− sin x) + cos x × 2 x
= 2 x cos x − x 2 sin x
Question 52
f ′( x) 2 x × cos x + sin x × 2
=
= 2 x cos x + 2sin x
Question 54
f ( x) = 2 tan x
2
f ′( x) =
cos 2 x
Question 55
dy
= cos x
dx
π
At x =
6
dy π 3
= cos =
dx 6 2
Question 56
dy
= −2sin 2 x
dx
π
At x = ,
6
dy π
= −2sin 2 ×
dx 6
π
= −2sin
3
3
= −2 ×
2
= − 3
dy
= 2(sin x(− sin x) + cos x × cos x)
dx
= 2(cos 2 x − sin 2 x)
At x = 0,
dy
= 2(cos 2 0 − sin 2 0)
dx
= 2(1 − 0)
=2
Question 58
dy
= 3sin x × cos x
dx
= 6sin x cos x
At x = π,
dy
= 6sin π cos π
dx
=0
Question 59
dy
= cos x
dx
d2y
= − sin x
dx 2
Question 60
dy
= −5sin 5 x
dx
d2y
= −5 × 5cos 5 x
dx 2
= −25cos 5 x
dy
= 3cos 2 x × 2
dx
= 6 cos 2 x
d2y
= 6(− sin 2 x) × 2
dx 2
= −12sin 2 x
Question 62
dy
= cos x − sin x
dx
d2y
=
− sin x − cos x
dx 2
Question 63
dy
= x cos x + sin x ×1
dx
= x cos x + sin x
π
At x = ,
2
dy π π π
= cos + sin
dx 2 2 2
= 0 +1
=1
Equation of tangent
y= 1x + c
π π
Using ( , )
2 2
π π
= +c
2 2
c=0
∴y = x
dy
=1 + 3(− sin 2 x) × 2
dx
= 1 − 6sin 2 x
At x = 0,
dy
= 1 − 6sin 0
dx
=1
Equation of tangent
y= x + c
Using (0,3)
3= 0 + c
c=3
∴y = x+3
Question 65
a f ′( x) = 2 cos 2 x
π π
f ′ = 2 cos
6 3
=1
b f ′′( x) = −4sin 2 x
π π
f ′′ = −4sin 2 ×
6 3
3
= −4 ×
2
= −2 3
Question 66
πx
=y sin= x° sin
180
dy π πx
= × cos
dx 180 180
π
= cos x°
180
A = 2h × 2 w
= 4hw
h
sin θ= ⇒ h= 10sin θ
10
w
cos θ= ⇒ w= 10 cos θ
10
A = 4 × 10sin θ × 10 cos θ
= 400sin θ cos θ
dA
= 400(sin θ(− sin θ) + cos θ cos θ)
dθ
= 400(cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ)
= 400(cos θ + sin θ)(cos θ − sin θ)
400(cos θ + sin θ)(cos θ − sin θ) = 0
cos θ=
+ sin θ 0 or cos θ=
− sin θ 0
cos = − sin θ or cos θ = sin θ
tan θ = −1 or tan θ = 1
π π
Given 0 < π < ,θ=
2 4
π
h = 10sin
4
=5 2
π
w = 10 cos
4
=5 2
Dimensions of rectangle
2h × 2 w = 10 2 × 10 2
Hence the rectangle is a square
A = 4hw
= 4× 5 2 × 5 2
= 200 cm 2
1
Area = × 10 × 8 × sin 0.1t
2
= 40sin 0.1t cm 2
dA
= 40 cos(0.1t ) × 0.1
dt
= 4 cos 0.1t cm 2 /s
a When t = 1,
dA
= 4 cos 0.1
dt
= 3.98 cm 2 /s
b When t = 5,
dA
= 4 cos 0.5
dt
= 3.51 cm 2 /s
c When t = 10,
dA
= 4 cos1
dt
= 2.16 cm 2 /s
d When t = 20,
dA
= 4 cos 2
dt
= −1.66 cm 2 /s
a=x 5sin 3t , t ≥ 0
Max value is 5 as the maximum value of sin3t = 1
5 = 5sin 3t
sin 3t = 1
π
3t =
2
π
t=
6
b 5sin 3t = 2.5
sin 3t = 0.5
π 5π 13π
3t = , ,
6 6 6
π 5π 13π
t= , ,
18 18 18
dx
c = 5cos 3t × 3
dt
= 15cos 3t
At t = 0.6,
dx
= 15 × cos1.8
dt
= −3.4
d 2x
d = −15sin 3t × 3
dt 2
= −45sin 3t
= −9 × 5sin 3t
∴ k =−9
dy
= 3cos θ + 4(− sin θ)
dx
=0 3cos θ − 4sin θ
4sin= θ 3cos θ
4sin θ 3cos θ
=
4 cos θ 4 cos θ
3
tan θ =
4
θ =0.6435
Maximum value
3sin(0.6435) + 4 cos(0.6435) =
5
Question 1
5∫ cos=
x dx 5sin x + c
Question 2
2 ∫ sin x dx =
−2 cos x + c
Question 3
−10 ∫ sin x dx =
−10(− cos x) + c
= 10 cos x + c
Question 4
−2 ∫ cos x dx =
−2sin x + c
Question 5
3∫ 2 cos=
2 x dx 3sin 2 x + c
Question 6
1 1
3 ∫ 6 cos=
6 x dx
3
sin 6 x + c
Question 7
3∫ 4sin 4 x dx =
−3cos 4 x + c
1 1
−
3 ∫ 3sin 3 x dx =− (− cos 3 x) + c
3
1
= cos 3 x + c
3
Question 9
8 4
−
10 ∫ (10 cos10 x) dx =
− sin10 x + c
5
Question 10
1 x x
2∫ sin dx =
2 − cos + c
2 2 2
x
=
−2 cos + c
2
Question 11
2 3 3x 2 3x
∫
3 2
cos=
2
dx
3
sin + c
2
Question 12
2 2x 2x
−9 ∫ sin dx =−9(− cos ) + c
3 3 3
2x
= 9 cos + c
3
Question 13
3∫ 2sin(2 x + 3) dx =−3cos(2 x + 3) + c
Question 14
3 3
2 ∫ 2 cos(2 x − 3)
= dx
2
sin(2 x − 3) + c
1 2π 1 2π
2 ∫ 2 cos 2 x +
=
3
dx sin 2 x +
2
+c
3
Question 16
Question 17
1
4∫ = dx 4 tan x + c
cos 2 x
Question 18
Question 19
1
∫ (cos8 x − 4sin 2 x) dx= 8∫
8cos8 x dx − 2 ∫ 2sin 2 x dx
1
= sin 8 x + 2 cos 2 x + c
8
Question 20
∫ (2 x + 4 cos x + 6 cos 2 x) dx =+
x 4sin x + 3sin 2 x + c
2
Question 21
1
∫ (3 + 4 x − 6 x + 10 cos 5 x − 2sin 4 x) dx = 3 x + 2 x 2 − 2 x 3 − 2sin 5 x + cos 4 x + c
2
Question 22
1
∫ cos x sin x dx =
− cos 4 x + c
3
cos 6 x
−30 ∫ cos5 x(− sin x ) dx =
−30 +c
6
=
−5cos 6 x + c
Question 24
Question 25
Question 26
Question 27
Question 28
π π
∫0
2
sin x dx = [ − cos x ]02
π
=− cos − (− cos 0)
2
= 0 +1
=1
∫ 2
cos x dx = [sin x ]02
0
π
= sin − sin 0
2
=1
Question 30
π
π x x
∫π2 cos 2 dx = 2sin 2 π
2
π π
= 2sin − 2sin
2 4
= 2− 2
Question 31
π
∫
4
a sin x dx
0
[ − cos x ]0
π
= 4
π
=− cos − (− cos 0)
4
1
=− +1
2
1
= 1−
2
0
b ∫ π
4
sin x dx
[ − cos x ]0
π
= 4
π
=− cos 0 − − cos
4
1
=−1 +
2
1
= −1
2
Question 33
4π
a ∫π
3
sin x dx
4π
= [ − cos x ]π3
4π
=− cos − (− cos π)
3
1
=− − − 1
2
1
= −1
2
1
= −
2
∴ Area = 0.5 units 2
4π
π
b ∫π
3
sin x dx + ∫ sin x dx
0
1
= 2+
2
= 2.5
∴ Area =
2.5 units 2
dv
a =
−2sin 2t × 2 = 0
dt
sin 2t = 0
2=t 0, π
π
t = 0,
2
v = 2 cos 0
= 2 m/s
b ∫ 2 cos 2t dt
= sin 2t + c
=
When t 0,= x 5
=x sin 2t + c
=5 sin 2t + c
=5 sin 0 + c
c=5
∴
= x ( sin 2t + 5) metres
c x= 5 + sin 2t
Minimum value sin 2t is − 1.
∴ Minimum distance is 4 metres.
dv
d a=
dt
= −2sin 2t × 2
= −4sin 2t m/s 2
a b
Question 36
=
a y 6= cos x sin 2 x 0
=cos x 0= or sin x 0
π 3π
x= , x = 0, π, 2π
2 2
π 3π
A( , 0), B(π, 0), C( , 0)
2 2
Question 1
dy
= ex
dx
Question 2
dy
= 2e x
dx
Question 3
dy
= 8e x
dx
Question 4
dy
= e x + cos x
dx
Question 5
dy
= ecos x (− sin x)
dx
= − sin xecos x
Question 6
dy
= esin 2 x × cos 2 x × 2
dx
= 2 cos 2 xesin 2 x
Question 7
dy
= e 2sin x × 2 cos x
dx
= 2 cos xe 2sin x
dy
= e x − x −2
dx
1
= ex − 2
x
Question 9
dy 1 − 12 3 x
= 4× x + e × 3
dx 2
2
= + 3e3 x
x
Question 10
dy 1 −1
= ex × x 2 + x × ex
dx 2
x
e
= + xe x
2 x
e x + 2 x × xe x
=
2 x
ex + 2 × x × ex
=
2 x
e (2 x + 1)
x
=
2 x
Question 11
dy
= e x × cos x + sin x × e x
dx
= e x (cos x + sin x)
Question 12
dy
=
e x × (− sin 2 x × 2) + cos 2 x × e x
dx
= e x (cos 2 x − 2sin 2 x)
dy
= e x × 2sin x cos x + sin 2 xe x
dx
= e x sin x(2 cos x + sin x)
Question 14
dy
= e3 x + 2 × (6 x)
2
dx
+2
= 6 xe3 x
2
Question 15
dy
= (2 x + cos x)e x +sin x
2
dx
Question 16
dT
= 3(2r + 3) 2 × 2
dr
= 6(2r + 3) 2
= 2 e − e0 4
= 2(e 4 − 1)
5
b ∫2
x −2 dx
5
x −1
=
−1 2
5
1
= −
x 2
1 1
=− − −
5 2
3
=
10
2
c ∫1
30(2 x − 3) 4 dx
2
= 15∫ 2(2 x − 3) 4 dx
1
2
(2 x − 3)5
= 15
5 1
(4 − 3)5 (2 − 3)5
= 15 −
5 5
1 1
= 15 +
5 5
=6
dy
= e x × cos x + sin x × e x
dx
= 0 e x (cos x + sin x)
=
cos x + sin x 0 (e x ≠ 0)
cos x = − sin x
tan x = −1
5π π 3π 7 π
x=
− ,− , ,
4 4 4 4
Question 19
dy
=e − x × cos x + sin x × e − x × (−1)
dx
= e − x cos x − sin x × e − x
= e − x (cos x − sin x)
When x = π,
dy
= e −π (cos π − sin π)
dx
= e −π (−1 − 0)
= −e −π
Question 20
x+h − x
lim
h →0
is the derivative of y = x via first principles.
h
−0.5
∴ 0.5 x
3 000 000
A=
e0.1t
As t increases, e0.1t increases.∴ A is decreasing.
dA
=
a 3 000 000e −0.1t × (−0.1)
dt
= −300 000e −0.1t
When t = 2,
dA
= 300 000e −0.1× 2
dt
= −245 619.23
∴−245 619 tonnes per year (nearest 1 tonne/year)
b When t = 5,
dA
= 300 000e −0.1× 5
dt
= −181 959.20
∴−181 959 tonnes per year (nearest 1 tonne/year)
c When t = 10,
dA
= 300000e −0.1× 10
dt
= −110363.83
∴−110364 tonnes per year (nearest 1 tonne/year)
Question 22
a 10 m/s
∴ Distance =
145 m
d 25 + 70 + 20 − 30 =
85 m
e A→B→C
B←
Velocity is negative when t > 16, therefore particle is at C when t =
16.
∴ C is 25 + 70 + 20 =115 m from A.
f =
Particle =
rests (v 0) at B when t 32.
1
× 16 × 5 = 40
2
∴ B is 40 m from C.
∴ B is 75 m from A.
4
a V = π(100 − 3 x)3 , V ≥ 0
3
4 4
b 0.5 × π1003 = π(100 − 3 x)3
3 3
0.5 ×100 = (100 − 3 x)3
3
100 − 3 x =
3 500 000
= 79.37
3 x = 20.63
x = 6.88
4
c V = π(100 − 3 x)3
3
dV 4
= π × 3(100 − 3 x) 2 × (−3)
dt 3
= −12π(100 − 3 x) 2
∴ Volume is decreasing by 12π(100 − 3 x) 2 m3 /day.
d When x = 5,
dV
=12π(100 − 3 × 5) 2
dt
= 12π × 852
= 270 000 m3 /day
dV 4
e = π × 3(100 − 2 x − x 2 ) 2 × (−2 − 2 x)
dx 3
=−4π(2 + 2 x)(100 − 2 x − x 2 ) 2
=−8π(1 + x)(100 − 2 x − x 2 ) 2
∴ Rate of loss : 8π(1 + x)(100 − 2 x − x 2 ) 2
When x = 5,
dV
= 8π(6) × (65) 2
dx
= 637 114.99
∴ 640 000 m3 /day
a When t = 2,
V 2(1 − e −0.2× 2 ) m/s
=
= 0.6594
∴ Speed = 0.66 m/s
b V = 2 − 2e −0.2t
dV
a= = −0.2(−2e −0.2t )
dt
= 0.4e −0.2t
When t = 2,
a = 0.4e −0.2× 2
= 0.27 m/s 2
c When t = 10,
a = 0.4e −0.2× 10
= 0.05 m/s 2
Question 26
5π
3x
a ∫ 0
6
sin x − dx
5π
5π
3 x2 6
=
− − ×
5π 2 0
cos x
5π
3x 2 6
=
− −
10π 0
cos x
5π 3 5π
2
= − cos − × − (− cos 0 − 0)
6 10 π 6
3 5π
= − − (−1)
3 24
3 5π
=1 + − units 2
2 24
24 + 12 3 − 5π
b units 2
12
5π
= 2 + 3 − units 2
12