BASIC CALCULUS

DIFFERENTIATION
RULES

Presented by:
Ma. Bernadette S. Badua
 Definition of Derivative
Derivatives are perfect for
examining change. It tells us how
one variable changes when
another variable changes. It is
the instantaneous rate of change
of a function with respect to one
of its variables.
 Definition of Derivative

The derivative of f(x) with respect to x

is the function of f’(x) and as defined
as,

′
𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒉 − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒉 →𝟎
𝒉
 Definition of Derivative

Find the derivative of the following

using the definition of derivatives.

𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 35
 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 35

𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = limℎ →0
ℎ

2(𝑥 + ℎ)2 − 16 𝑥 + ℎ + 35 − (2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 35)

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = limℎ →0
ℎ

′
2(𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 ) − 16𝑥 − 16ℎ + 35 − 2𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 35
𝑓 𝑥 = limℎ →0
ℎ

2𝑥 2 + 4ℎ𝑥 + 2ℎ2 − 16𝑥 − 16ℎ + 35 − 2𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 35

𝑓′ 𝑥 = limℎ →0
ℎ

4ℎ𝑥 + 2ℎ2 − 16ℎ

𝑓′ 𝑥 = limℎ →0
ℎ

ℎ(4𝑥 + 2ℎ − 16)
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = limℎ →0
ℎ

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = limℎ →0 4𝑥 + 2ℎ − 16

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 2(0) − 16 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔
 WHAT IS THE
BIGGEST CHANGE
YOU HAVE
EXPERIENCED IN
YOUR LIFE?
 Guess what it is.

DIFFERENTIATION
Guess what it is.

-R
RULE
DIFFERENTIATION

THE PROCESS OF GETTING OR

FINDING THE DERIVATIVE OF A
CERTAIN FUNCTION IS CALLED
DIFFERENTIATION.
BASIC DIFFERENTIATION RULES
Constant Rule

Power Rule

Constant Multiple Rule

Sum and Difference Rule

Product Rule

Quotient Rule
 Constant Rule
The rule for differentiating constant
functions is called constant rule.

It states that the derivative of a

constant function is zero; that is,
since a constant function is a
horizontal line, the slope, or the state
of change, of a constant function is 0.
 Constant Rule
We restate this rule in the following
theorem:

Let c be a constant. If f(x) = c, then

f’(x) = 0
 Constant Rule
Examples:
Find the derivative of the following
constant functions using the constant
rule:
1. f(x) = 7 ;
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 0
𝟏
2. f(x) = 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 0
𝟐

3. f(x) = 𝟑 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 0
 Power Rule
Differentiating the power functions of
the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 , where n is a positive
integer is called the power rule.

The power rule states that if we let n be

a positive integer, and we have the
function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 then :

𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
 Power Rule
Examples:
Differentiate the following power functions
using the sum rule.

1. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟓
2. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟏
3. 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙𝟐
4. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
 Power Rule

1.) 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟓 ; n=5 2.)𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥

𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 1𝑥 1−1
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 5𝑥 5−1 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑥 0
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟒 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 1
 Power Rule
4.)𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
1

3.) 𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝑓′ 𝑥 =𝑥 2
𝒙𝟐 1 1−1
𝑓′ 𝑥 =2 𝑥 2
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝒙−𝟐 1 −1
𝑓′ 𝑥 =2 𝑥 2
𝑓′ 𝑥 = −𝟐𝒙−𝟐−𝟏
1
𝑓′ 𝑥 =
𝑓′ 𝑥 = −𝟐𝒙 −𝟑 1
2𝑥 2

−𝟐 𝟏
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝒇′ 𝒙 =𝟐
𝒙𝟑 𝒙
 Constant Multiple Rule
The derivative of the constant c multiplied by
a function f is the same as the constant
multiplied by the derivative of f.

That is:

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑓 𝑥

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝒄𝒇′ (𝒙)

 Constant Multiple Rule
Examples:Differentiate the following functions using
the constant multiple rule.

1. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟑 ; c=5 2.) 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝟔

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 2(6)𝑥 6−1

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 5(3)𝑥 3−1 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 12𝑥 5
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟓
Constant Multiple Rule
𝟑
3.) 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙 𝟒

′
3 3
−1
𝑓 𝑥 =5 𝑥 4
4
15 −
1
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑥 4
4
′
15 15
𝒇 𝒙 = 1 𝑜𝑟 4
4 𝑥
4𝑥 4
 Sum and Difference Rule
The derivative of the sum/difference of
the function f and a function g is the
same as the sum/difference of the
derivative of f and the derivative of g.

That is:

𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑠′ 𝑥 = 𝑓′ 𝑥 ± 𝑔′(𝑥)
 Sum and Difference Rule
Examples:
Differentiate the following functions using the sum rule.

𝟓
1. 𝒔 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟕
𝑠′ 𝑥 = 𝑓′ 𝑥 + 𝑔′(𝑥)

𝑠′ 𝑥 = 5𝑥 5−1 + 0

𝒔′ 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟒
Sum and Difference Rule

2.) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5

𝑦 ′ = (3)(3)𝑥 3−1 − 2 2 𝑥 2−1 + 4 − 0

𝑦 ′ = 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 1 + 4

𝒚′ = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒
Sum and Difference Rule
1
1
3.) 𝑦 = 3𝑥2 + 𝑥 3 − 7
1
−2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑥4 −0
1 1−1
𝑦′ = 3(−2)𝑥 −2−1 + 𝑥4 − 0
4

′ −3
1 −3
𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 𝑥 4
4
−𝟔 𝟏
𝒚′ = 𝟑 + 𝟒
𝒙 𝟒 𝒙𝟑
 Product Rule
The derivative of the difference of the
function f and a function g is the
same as the difference of the
derivative of f and the derivative of g.

That is:
𝒇 𝒙 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 𝒈′ 𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒇′ 𝒙
 Product Rule
Examples: Differentiate the following
functions using the difference rule.

1. 𝒚 = (𝟔𝒙𝟑 )(𝟕𝒙𝟒 )
𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′ 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ 𝑥

𝑦 ′ = (6𝑥 3 ) 7 4 𝑥 4−1 + (7𝑥 4 ) [6 3 𝑥 3−1 ]

𝑦 ′ = (6𝑥 3 ) 28𝑥 3 + (7𝑥 4 ) [18𝑥 2 ]

𝑦 ′ = 168𝑥 6 + 126𝑥 6
𝒚′ = 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝒙𝟔
 Product Rule
2.) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 5)
′
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 3 + (3𝑥 − 5)(2)
′
𝑦 = 6𝑥 + 3 + 6𝑥 − 10

𝒚′ = 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕
 Quotient Rule
The rule states that the derivative of the quotient of two
functions is the fraction having as its denominator the square
of the original denominator, and as its numerator the
denominator times the derivative of the numerator minus the
numerator times the derivative of the denominator.
Let f(x) and g(x) be two differentiable functions with g(x) ≠ 0.
Then,
′ ′ ′
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥
=
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) 2

ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐷(ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ) − ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝐷(𝑙𝑜𝑤)

=
𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑
 Quotient Rule
3𝑥+1
1.) y = 2𝑥−1
′ ′
′
𝑔 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥
𝑦 =
𝑔(𝑥) 2

(2𝑥 − 1) 3 − (3𝑥 + 1)(2) 6𝑥 − 3 − 6𝑥 − 2

𝑦′ = 𝑦′ =
(2𝑥 − 1)2 (2𝑥 − 1)2

6𝑥 − 1 − (6𝑥 + 2) −𝟓
𝑦′ = 𝒚′ =
(2𝑥 − 1)2 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐
 Quotient Rule
𝑥 2 +1
2.) y =
𝑥 2 −1

(𝑥 2 − 1) 2𝑥 − (𝑥 2 + 1)(2𝑥)
𝑦′ =
(2𝑥 − 1)2
3 3
′
2𝑥 − 2𝑥 − (2𝑥 +2𝑥)
𝑦 =
(𝑥 2 − 1)2

2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 −𝟒𝒙
𝑦′ = 𝒚′ = 𝟐
(𝑥 2 − 1)2 (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐
ACTIVITY-Try this!
Find the derivatives of the following functions using the
differentiation rules:

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 −5 − 5

2. 𝑓 𝑥 = (4𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 2 + 1)

1 1
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥4
3

4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 7𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4
3𝑥+5
5. 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥 2 +4
GOOD BYE
CLASS…..