B11+B12+B13

EEE 1001

BY DR. P. NARENDRA BABU

Group 4
Student’s Name Registration No.
ANANYA SANODIYA 23BCY10131
GAURAV KUMAR 23BCY10132
DHEERAJ SARASWAT 23BCY10146
SANDALI SINGH 23BCY10149
ABHINAV SAXENA 23BCY10166
SANJOLI GUPTA 23BCY10171
NANDANI TRIPATHI 23BCY10180
ASHUTOSH GUPTA 23BCG10075
Module 1
OHM’S Law
Connections
Current Divison Rule & Voltage Division Rule

Transformations
KVL & KCL

Super Position Theorem

Thevinin’s Theorem
Norton’s Theorem
Maximum Power Tranfer Theorem

3
 Ohm’s Law
What is Ohm’s Law?
Ohm’s law states that the electrical current flowing through any
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference
(voltage) between its ends, assuming the physical conditions of
the conductor do not change.

To students of electronics, Ohm's Law (E = IR) is as

fundamentally important as Einstein's Relativity
equation (E = mc²) is to physicists.
E=IxR

When spelled out, it means voltage = current x

resistance, or volts = amps x ohms, or V = A x Ω.
There are two fundamental ways in which to connect more than two circuit components: Series and Parallel. These two
basic connection methods can be combined to create more complex Series-Parallel Circuits.

What is a Series Connection?

The definition of a series circuit is a circuit where the components are connected end-to-end in a line as illustrated
 What Is a Parallel Connection?
The definition of a parallel circuit is a circuit where all components
are connected across each other’s leads as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. An example of a parallel connection of resistors.

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4
Q. 3
 CDR & VDR

V1 = V R1
R1+R2…….Rn
Star – Delta – Star Transformation
Star-Delta Transformations and Delta-Star Transformations
allow us to convert resistors connected together in a 3-phase
configuration from one type of connection to another
 Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) is Kirchhoff’s first law

that deals with the conservation of charge entering and
leaving a junction.
 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
Kirchhoff Voltage Law states that ''The algebraic sum of all
voltages (source voltage and voltage drops) is equal to
zero around a close path''.

In the above circuit R1, R2 and R3 are three resistors connected in series across a voltage source V. VI , V2 and
V3 are voltage drops across resistors R1, R2 and R3 respectively. So according to Kirchhoff voltage law

V + ( -V1 ) + ( -V2 ) + ( -V3 ) = 0

V - V1 - V2 - V3 = 0
V = V I + V2 + V3

This is called KVL ( Kirchhoff Voltage Law) equation.

 Super Position Theorem

The superposition theorem is a circuit analysis theorem used to solve the network
where two or more sources are present and connected.

•Step 1: Replace all of the power sources except one. Replace voltage sources
with a short circuit (wire) and current sources with an open circuit (break).
•Step 2: Calculate the voltages and currents due to each individual source.
•Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each power supply.
•Step 4: Superimpose the individual voltages and currents. Algebraically add
the component voltages and currents; paying particular attention to the
direction of the voltage drops and current flows.
 Thevenin’s Theorem
Thevenin’s theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear
circuit, irrespective of how complex it is, to an equivalent circuit
with a single voltage source and a series resistance.

Step 1: For the analysis of the above circuit using Thevenin’s

theorem, firstly remove the load resistance at the centre
Step 2: Remove the voltage sources’ internal resistance by
shorting all the voltage sources connected to the circuit, i.e. v =
0. If current sources are present in the circuit, then remove the
internal resistance by open circuiting the sources. This step is
done to have an ideal voltage source or an ideal current source
for the analysis.

Step 3: Find the equivalent resistance and equivalent voltage

Step 5: Draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit.

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-( )
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 Norton’s Theorem

Norton’s Theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no matter how complex, to an
equivalent circuit with just a single current source and parallel resistance connected to a load.
Rn= Rth
•Step 1: Remove the load resistor and replace it with a short circuit.
•Step 2: Calculate the Norton current—the current through the short circuit.
•Step 3: Replace the power sources. All voltage sources are replaced with short
circuits, and all current sources are replaced with open circuits.
•Step 4: Calculate the Norton resistance—the total resistance between the open
circuit connection points after all sources have been removed.
•Step 5: Draw the Norton equivalent circuit, with the Norton current source in
parallel with the Norton resistance. The load resistor re-attaches between the
two open points of the equivalent circuit.
•Analyze the voltage and current for the load following the rules for parallel
circuits.
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
VCVS VCCS CCVS CCCS
Thank You