MODES OF TRANSMISSION

• MODES OF TRANSMISSION refers that the methods or ways information that is

transmitted from one node to another over the medium. It is also known as
communication mode.
• Node: Any device that is connected to network is called node.

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MODES:

1. w.r.t to way of direction
2. W.r.t number of bits transmitted to device
3. W.r.t synchronization between devices
 W.R.T WAY OF DIRECTION
Simplex Mode: In this type of transmission mode data can be sent
only in one direction i.e. communication is unidirectional. We cannot send a
message back to the sender. Unidirectional communication is done in Simplex
Systems.
Examples of simplex Mode is loudspeaker, television broadcasting, television
and remote, keyboard and monitor etc.
 W.R.T WAY OF DIRECTION
Half Duplex: In half duplex system we can send data in both
directions (but not simultaneously) but it is done one at a time that is when
the sender is sending the data then at that time we can’t send the sender our
message. The data is sent in one direction.
Example of half duplex is a walkie- talkie in which message is sent one at a
time and messages are sent in both the directions. Hub is also half duplex
device.
 W.R.T WAY OF DIRECTION
Full Duplex: In full duplex system we can send data in both directions
simultaneously as it is bidirectional. Data can be sent in both directions
simultaneously. We can send as well as we receive the data.
Example of Full Duplex is a Telephone Network in which there is
communication between two persons by a telephone line, through which both
can talk and listen at the same time.
W.r.t number of bits sent to device
Serial transmission
 In this type of transmission, all the bits are transmitted one after another.
 Just single wire is used for the transmission.
 This type of transmission is suitable for long distances.
 Slower than Parallel transmission.
 Cheaper than Parallel transmission.
 W.r.t number of bits sent to device
Parallel transmission:
 In this transmission, all the bits or group of n number of bits transmitted
simultaneously.
 N number of wires are used for this transmission.
 This transmission is suitable for short distances.
 Faster than Serial transmission.
 Expensive.
 SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
 Data is transmitted block-by-block or word-
by-word simultaneously where each block
may contain several bytes.
 Data is transmitted in a steady stream i.e.
continuous stream of bytes.
 Large blocks of bytes are transmitted
regularly without any start and stop bits.
 A special communication device
“Synchronized Clock” is required to
schedule the transmission. This clock is used
to control the timing of bits being
transmitted.
 Data flows in full-duplex mode.
 It is comparatively expensive because of
expensive equipment.
 Fast and accurate transmission.
 Appropriate for systems that need to
transmit large amount of data accurately
and quickly.
 Almost all parallel transmissions use sync.
ASYNCRONOUS TRANSMISSION
 Data is transmitted byte-by-byte or
character-by-character.
 Data is transmitted intermittently i.e.
there are irregular gaps between
characters or bytes.
 Start and Stop bits are required.
 Start bit (1) marks the beginning of the data.
 Stop bit(0) marks the end of the data.
 An additional bit “parity bit” is added at the
end of the data for error checking.
 No Synchronization is required. Flow
Control is used to measure the data.
 Data flows in half-duplex mode.
 Less expensive ( easy to implement =
no clock sharing.)
 Slower in speed because of extra bits
added and the gaps between bytes.
 Mostly used by micro-computers.
 Keyboard/mouse transmission
examples.
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