STOICHIOMETRY

Defining Stoichiometry
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

 Which relationships can be

derived from a balanced
chemical equation?
 How are mole ratios written
from a balanced chemical
equation?
STOICHIOMETRY
 Stoichiometry comes from the
Greek words stoikheion, which
means element, and metron, A+B C+D
which means measure.
numbers of numbers of
 The study of quantitative moles of moles of
relationships between the reactants products

amounts of reactants used and

amounts of products formed by a
chemical reaction.
MOLE
 In Chemistry, the atomic counting unit is the
mole, which comes from a Latin word that
means “heap” or “a huge pile”.

• The mole (abbreviated mol) is defined as the

amount of a substance containing the same
number of particles.
AMEDEO AVOGADRO
(1776-1856)

AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
1 mole =

Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo

Avogadro – An Italian Physicist

First scientist who discovered the

existence of elements in the form of
molecule.
COEFFICIENTS IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

3H2 + 1N2 2NH3

Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient

Amount of substance

3H2 3 moles H2

1N2 1 moles N2

2NH3 2 moles NH3

COEFFICIENTS IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

3H2 + 1N2 2NH3

Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient

Amount of substance Reactants : products

3H2 3 moles H2 H2 : N2 : NH3

1N2 1 moles N2 3: 1 : 2

2NH3 2 moles NH3

COEFFICIENTS IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

3H2 + 1N2 2NH3

Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient

Amount of substance Reactants : products No. of molecules

3H2 3 moles H2 H2 : N2 : NH3 3H2 3 molecules H2

1N2 1 moles N2 3: 1 : 2 1N2 1 molecules N2

2NH3 2 moles NH3 2NH3 2 molecules NH3

 Interpret the equation in terms of particles, moles and
mass. Show that the law of conservation of mass is
observed.
2Mg + 2MgO
Relationships Derived from a Balanced Chemical

Equation 2Mg + 2MgO

Particles 2 atoms Mg + 1 molecules 2 formula units MgO

Moles 2 mol Mg + 1 mol 2 mol MgO

Mass 48.6 g Mg + 32.0 g 80.6 g MgO

80.6 g reactants 80.6 products

 Balance and interpret the equation in terms of particles,
moles and mass. Show that the law of conservation of mass
is observed.

+
2. NaBr + NaF +
 MOLE RATIO
A mole ratio is the ratio between the amounts in
moles of any two compounds involved in a balanced
chemical reaction.

The balance chemical equation provides a

comparison of the ratios of the molecules necessary
to complete the reaction.
 MOLE RATIO

+
STOICHIOMETRIC
CALCULATIONS
1.Mole to Mole Conversion
2.Mole to Grams Conversion
3.Grams to Mole Conversion
4.Grams to Grams Conversion
 Mole to Mole Conversion

How many moles of the Nitrogen gas are needed

to react with 13.5 moles of Hydrogen gas to
Ammonia?

+
Let’s try this!

+ + O
1. Propane reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide
and water. How many moles of oxygen gas are required to
produce 14 moles of water?

+ +
2. How many moles of potassium nitrate are produced
when 2.5 moles of potassium phosphate react?
 Zn + HCl +
3. How many moles of hydrogen gas are produced from
the reaction of 3.0 moles of Zinc?

4. Methane and sulfur react to produce carbon disulfide ), a liquid

often used in the production of cellophane.

+ + S

a. Balance the equation.

b. Calculate the moles of produced when 1.50 mol is used.
c. How many moles of S are produced?
MOLE TO GRAMS
5 STEPS IN CONVERTING MOLES OF A SUBSTANCE TO GRAMS

Step 1: Balance the equation.

Step 2. Determine the known and unknown based on the given problem.
Step 3: Convert mole to mole.
Atomic
Step 4: Calculate the molar mass/formula weight of the unknown Weights
substance in g. Ti – 47.87 g
O – 16.00 g
Step 5: Convert mole to grams. Cl – 35.45 g
C – 12.01 g

a. Balance the equation.

b. What mass of is needed to react with 1.25 mol of ? Answer: 177.25 g
c. What mass of C is needed to react with 1.25 mol of ? Answer: 15.01 g C
d. What is the mass of all the products formed by reaction with Answer: mass of the
1.25 mol of ? product = 292. 1 g
Titanium is a transition metal used in many alloys because it is
extremely strong and lightweight. Titanium tetrachloride ) is
extracted from titanium oxide ) using chlorine and coke (carbon).

+ C + +

a. Balance the equation.

b. What mass of is needed to react with 1.25 mol of ?
c. What mass of C is needed to react with 1.25 mol of ?
d. What is the mass of all the products formed by reaction with
1.25 mol of ?
MOLE TO GRAMS
1. Hydrogen sulfide gas burns in oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide and
water vapor. What mass of oxygen gas is consumed in a reaction that
produces 4.60 mol ?

S+ + 2O

2. +

If we have 3.59 mol of , how many grams of can react with it?
GRAMS TO MOLE
 GRAMS TO MOLE CONVERSION
1. How many moles of Hydrogen gas ) are necessary to react with 6 g
of Nitrogen gas ) to form ammonia?

+
2. Tin metal reacts with hydrogen fluoride to produce tin fluoride and
hydrogen gas. How many moles of hydrogen fluoride are required to
react completely with 75.0g of Tin?

Sn + 2HF +
3. How many moles of HCl will be produced when 249 g of are
reacted according to this chemical equation?

+O
GRAMS TO GRAMS
 GRAMS TO GRAMS CONVERSION
1. How many grams of oxygen gas react with 10 g of hydrogen gas to
form water ?

+ Answer: 80 g

2. Aluminum (Al) reacts with chlorine gas () to form aluminum chloride ().
If 35 g of Al reacts with excess chlorine gas, how many grams of will
form?
Al +
GRAMS TO GRAMS
1. The food we eat is degraded or broken down in our bodies to provide
energy for growth and function. A general overall equation for this
very complex process represent the degradation of glucose () to
carbon dioxide () and water (). If glucose 856 g of () is consumed by
a person over a certain period, what is the mass of produced?

+ +

2. is produced by the reaction of 0.4235 mol of What mass of is

produced?

+ KI CuI + KCl +
 LIMITING AND EXCESS
REACTANTS
Limiting Reactants is the first reactant that is used up in a reaction,
when the limiting reactant is all used up, no more product can form
and the reaction stops.

Excess Reactants is what is leftover after the reaction stops because

the limiting reactant got all used up.
The following questions below are included on your 3 rd quarter exam.

1. In a chemical reaction, which of the following terms describes the substance that is
completely consumed?
a. by-product c. catalyst
b. excess reactant d. limiting reactant
Answer: d

2. In a chemical reaction, what happens to the excess reactant when the limiting reactant is
completely consumed?
a. It is also completely consumed c. It remains unreacted
b. It decomposes into simpler substances d. It continues to react with compounds
Answer: c

3. How can you determine which reactant is the limiting one in a given chemical reaction?
a. By comparing the moles of each reactant to their stoichiometric coefficients in the
balanced chemical equation
b. By measuring the temperature change
c. By identifying the reactant that is a gas
d. By comparing the physical states of the reactants
Answer: a
Note: I wasn’t able to discuss the concept in limiting and excess reactant,
yet included in your exam so I gave the exact questions and correct
answers for those items.

REMINDER!

NGAYON LANG YAN KASI DI NA INABOT NG TIME NATIN.

Also, I will discuss the lesson in limiting and excess reactants after exam.
Thank you and Goodluck on your exam!! REVIEW WELL!