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Biology class 9th chapter# 7 (Bioenergetics)

Q.1 a. Name the different types of energy stored in living organisms. (02)
A: Two types of energy is stored in living organisms. One is kinetic energy in the molecules due to its
movement and the other is the potential energy stored in the chemical bonds. For example in carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids.
b. What is bioenergetics? (01)
A. Bioenergetics is the branch of biology that deals with the chemical reactions on how cells transform
energy from one kind to another. For examples living organism can only utilize energy in the form of ATP, how
is ATP formed from carbohydrates and other nutrients. This knowledge is bioenergetics.
c. How organisms obtained their energies? (01)
A. Organisms obtain energy by oxidizing the food they eat. This process involve complex biochemical
reactions to produce ATP from food particles. The process is called oxidative phosphorylation.
Q.2 What is ATP? Give its chemical composition. Give its importance to living organisms. (03)
A. ATP is the short form of Adenosine Triphosphate. It has three
components. These are
i. Adenosine that is a nucleotide
ii. Three phosphate molecules and
iii. Ribose sugar
ATP is an important molecule. It is called the cell energy currency. Living organisms can use ATP only.
Just like a car uses petrol or CNG to run in the same way living organisms can use ATP to work. So, we can say
the it is the cell fuel.
Q.3 What are Redox reactions? Give their importance. (03)
A. Redox reactions are Oxidation-Reduction reaction. As they happen simultaneously so, they are called
redox reactions.
In living organisms redox reaction occur in which hydrogen is either lost or gained. As hydrogen contain
a single electron so, when an atom loses a hydrogen atom it actually loses an electron and when it gain
hydrogen it gain an electron. This electron can be a source of energy but depend to which atom hydrogen is
attached. If it is attached to an atom to which hydrogen is attached stably, it is not a source of energy. But if it is
dragged to an atom with which hydrogen do not form strong association, it could be a good source of energy.
The energy that is used in dragging hydrogen is stored in the compound that can be used. As the process
involves oxidation-reduction reaction so, we can say that redox reactions are a source of energy for living
organism.
Q.4 Give formation and energy production from ATP with reactions. (03)
A. Adenosine monophosphate is present in cell. Cell uses energy to combine phosphate with it and in
this process energy is stored in this bond.

+ 7.3Kcal

1
 Adenosine monophosphate Phosphate Adenosine diphosphate

+ 7.3Kcal

It mean that energy is stored in the last phosphate bonds. When cell combine adenosine monophosphate
with phosphate 7.3Kcal of energy is utilized. The same happen when ADP is combined with phosphate to form
ATP. When cells need energy the reverse reaction happen and energy is released.

In the same way ADP changes to AMP.

Q.5 Define photosynthesis? Give its importance to all living organisms. (03)
A. Photosynthesis is a biochemical reaction in which plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce
carbohydrate in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.

Life on earth owe its existence to photosynthesis. This reaction produces food and oxygen for life on
earth. Plants convert glucose to other substances. All organisms depend for their food and oxygen on this
reaction. Therefore, Plants are called food factories and lungs of nature and it is due to photosynthesis.
Q.6 Explain how plants absorb water? (03)
A. Plants absorb water through roots hairs. Along with osmosis forces that are involved in water uptake
are transpiration pull and cohesion and adhesion that take absorbed water to leaves.
When water transpire from leaves, the leaves cell become hypertonic and water from nearby stem cell
moves to leaves cell. Thus a suction force is created that pull water from stem and roots. In this way roots cell
become hypertonic as compared to surrounding soil and water moves through osmosis from soil to roots hairs.
As root hairs provide large surface area and reaches the thin layers of water in soil so sufficient water in
absorbed in this way. This water is taken to leaves by transpiration pull and cohesion and adhesion.
Q.7 Explain the light reaction of photosynthesis. (05)
Q.8 Explain the dark reaction of photosynthesis. (05)
Q.9 Give the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis. (05)
Q.11 Explain the effect of light, temperature and carbon dioxide on photosynthesis. (03)
Q.13 What is respiration? Give its types. (03)
Q.14 Give types of respiration with respect to oxygen requirement? Give the importance of each.05)
Q.15 Explain the mechanism of respiration. (06)
Q.16 Draw a flow sheet for the mechanism of respiration. (06)
Q.17 Differentiate photosynthesis and respiration. (05)
Q.18 Show with a help of chart the energy budget of respiration, and calculate the
total ATP produced. (06)