PHOTOSYNTHESIS &

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
INTRODUCTION

 Oxidation-reduction
(redox) reactions involve
electrons passing from one
molecule to another.
 Oxidation (also splitting) is
the loss of electrons while
reduction is the gain of
electrons.
THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

 Photosynthesis helps create food chains or food web. Most life forms directly or
indirectly depend on plants for their basic metabolism. Ultimately, materials from
producers, herbivores, omnivores and carnivores will be consumed by decomposers
(e.g., bacteria). These bacteria produce waste products that increase the nutrient content
of the soil.
 Thus, plants are able to produce macromolecules (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and
nucleic acids) and sustain other cellular activities because of the participation of the soil,
nutrients, water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and sunlight as preparatory materials
for the synthesis of carbohydrates and oxygen.
 Photosynthesis and bioenergy. The plant materials and animal wastes are used especially as
a source of fuel.
 What are other examples of
oxidation reactions?
 WHAT ARE THE TASKS OF ATP?
 Countless chemical reactions are
occurring in cells to do essential
life functions with the help of ATP
as the energy currency of the
cells.
1. Chemical work: ATP is used for
building macromolecules
2. Transport work: ATP is used
for transporting ions membranes
3. Mechanical work: ATP is used
for mechanical processes such as
muscle contraction, cilia
movement
How do plants harness How do living organisms
light energy to harness energy from
manufacture food? food?
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2

 Which groups participate in the reaction?
 Which groups are released?
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS FOR CELLULAR
RESPIRATION:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + about 38 molecules of ADP 6CO2 + 6H20 + about 38 molecules of ATP

 Which groups participate in the reaction?

 Which groups are released?
PROCESSING QUESTIONS:

 1. What are the two kinds of reactions in photosynthesis?

 2. What are the basic stages of the Calvin cycle?
 3. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
 4. In which part of the cell glycolysis happens? What about the citric
acid cycle and electron transport chain?
 5. How many metabolic pathways are there in cellular aerobic
respiration? In anaerobic respiration?
 6. What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
 7. About how many ATP molecules does a cell obtain from the
breakdown of one molecule of glucose in cellular respiration?
 8. Given the glucose, carbon dioxide and water, which one(s) is/are called
high-energy molecule and which one(s) is/are called low-energy
molecule?
 CONNECTING THE CONCEPTS WITH THE BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS

 Chloroplasts and mitochondria play a significant role in metabolism

and their enzyme-requiring pathways permit a flow of energy through
all living things.
 The energy transformations that take place in these organelles results in
a loss of energy in the form of heat. Therefore, all organisms are in
need of a constant supply of energy, which they get from their food.
 Food is ultimately produced by plants, which have the ability to capture
solar energy. Photosynthesizing organisms form the basis of most food
chains on Earth.
END OF LESSON 2