DEVELOPMENT

ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER 2 1
 INTRODUCTION

• Development generally about moving to a better stage

condition.
• Development mean change and growth.
• This process acquiring a sustained growth of system’s
capability to cope with new, continuous change towards
political, economic and social change.
 CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION

• George F.Grant, 2006

“Development administration” came into use in the 1950s to
represent those aspects of public administration and those changes
in public administration, which are needed to carry out policies,
projects, and programs to improve social and economic conditions”
 DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

Development and Administration

• Development encompassing two important processes: change and progress.

Eg. ; Growth, Change, Advancement, Expansion, Progress, Improvement etc (these are some
activities occur in development).

• Administration is a mechanism or a tool that generates affairs of state.

• Administration helps in arranging human and resources accordingly, thus, in this context,

• Development Administration is a mechanism that helps

generate the development efforts in a state. (E.g. Policies on
development)

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 DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

Edward Weidner (1964) suggests that:

•DA as one with a special purpose inclusive of political, economic

and social development that becomes as a sub-field of public
administration.

•This is important to guide a developing nation towards the

achievement of its development goals.

•As a sub-field of public administration, it is action oriented and

places administration at the hub of nation building.
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 DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
DEFINITIONS

Hence, Fred Riggs (1970) states that DA is an:

1. Administration of development programs using prescribed governmental

methods to implement policies which are due for development objectives
and to elevate administrative capabilities.
2. A sub-field of public administration that is to form administrative
machinery to achieve development objectives of government.
3. It is a development-oriented. Its central concern is social economic change.

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 OTHER DEFINITIONS
• University of Sussex (1972) “development administration is defined as
administrative development and administration of development programs”.

• Hope (1984) “an organizational efficiency and its ability to implement successfully
all development programs”.

• Luke (1986) “governmental development programs, policies and projects”.

• Muhammad Al-Bureay (1992) “a mechanism which is action oriented in

developing policies, programs, and projects in order to fulfill development goals”.

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 DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION AS A FIELD
OF STUDY UNDER PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

• Development administration is considered as a field of study or a sub-area under

public administration (Nicholson and Connerly, 1989).

• Development administration emerged as a field of study as a result of research,

observations and implementation carried out by scholars of public administration
who are interested in the progress that took place in the developing nations.

• It is a root out of public administration that is precisely to handle matters regarding

to development.

• As the outcome of emphasis, it is expected to be efficient in running development

programs and projects.

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DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION AS A FIELD OF
STUDY UNDER PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

1. To improve standard of living of people

• E.g. Provide job opportunities

2. To encourage participation of new generation to involve in politics

• E.g. Increase participation platforms for young people

3. To improve infrastructure and better facilities for people

• E.g. Public hospital, school

4. To increase level of literacy among people

• E.g. Education opportunities for all segment of societies, urban-rural, poor-rich,
young-old

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Malaysian Administrative Modernization & Management Planning Unit

Please answer the following questions:

1.What is MAMPU?
2.When and why it was established?
3.What are the roles of MAMPU?

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 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION IN MALAYSIA

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Pre-Colonial Period (Before Independence)
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Pre-Colonial Period (Before Independence)
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 Pre-Colonial Period (Before Independence)

• Colonial Administration: maintaining welfare of colonial interests e.g. rubber

productions and tin mining industry

• The development that occurred during that time were merely for the benefits of
the European and the English administrators that lived in the state at that
time.

• No intention to develop local people

• ‘Divide and Rule’ Policy: Malay, Chinese and Indian

• 1942 – The increase of spirit of nationalism

• The Malayan Union 1946

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 British Malaya: Ethnic Ownership of Estates In 1938

Ethnic group 5,000 acres 1,000-4,900 5,00-999 acres 100-499 acres

and over acres

Europeans 47 467 237 245

Chinese 1 47 94 911

Indians - 5 21 343

Others 5 13 10 63

Source: Gomez & Jomo, 1999, p.13

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Post Colonial Period (After Independence)
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Post Colonial Period (After Independence)
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 Post-Colonial Period (After Independence)

• The main factor for reform was due to the negative effect of ‘Divide and Rule’ policy by the
colonial British

• There were serious and rapid efforts by the government to develop the people and the nation.

• Development Administration – A reform in the administration.

• For example:

1. First Malaya Development Plan (1956 -1960)

• Planning prudentially for the overall development of Malaysia in the sphere of economy,
social, culture, politics and environment.
• Main plan was for the development of agricultural and rural sectors
2. Second Malaya Development Plan (1960 -1965)
3. First Malaysian Plan (1966 -1970) – First planning that integrate three separate regions:
peninsular and Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak
4. Increase in the intake of local people (Malay and Bumiputera) into the civil service

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END OF CHAPTER

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