GROUP 8

The Struggle Towards Emancipation:

A Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Study on
Saudi Arabian Women's Personal, Economic, and
Social Empowerment
AGUILA, Erikka Mykaela E. EUSTAQUIO, Kristalyn M.
ARGUELLES, Kassandra P. REQUIESTAS, Cameron A. ROXAS,
CABASAG, Andrea Nicole M. Kristal Ann B.
NOVEMBER 2023
 01 Introduction Problem Statement
Objectives
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual framework

02 Literature review Synthesis

Main 03 Methodology Design

Content
Locale & Participants

04 Data Analysis Analysis and Interpretation

05 Summary & Summary

Findings
Findings Recommendations
 01 INTRODUCTION

PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

01 How does the Anti-Male Guardianship Movement 01 Analyze the impact of the Anti-Male Guardianship
impact Saudi Arabian Women’s Empowerment when Movement on the rate of Women’s Empowerment in the
measured using the Women Empowerment Index (WEI) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
on:
a. Personal
b. Economic
c. Social 02 Examine the contribution of the Ministry of Economy
and Planning supervision towards Women’s Economic
02 How does the Ministry of Economy and Planning Empowerment in the country.
oversee Saudi Arabian Women’s Economic
Empowerment?

03 How does the International Federation for Human 03 Assess the influence of the International Federation for
Rights influence Saudi Arabian Women’s Social Human Rights’ indirect control over Saudi Arabian
Empowerment through Watchdog Journalism? Women’s Social Empowerment.
 01 INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
Social System: Absolute Monarchy Male
Dominated System

POWER

PRIVILEGE

PREFERENCE

Preference Zone DIFFERENCE

Process information quickly and make Process information slowly and make meaning
meaning by responding rapidly to new by taking time and space before responding to
ideas new ideas

PROGRESSION CIRCLE
 01 INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
work together for equity

POWER OVER POWER WITH POWER TO POWER WITHIN

• Power is seen as finite;
you have it or you don’t
• Use coercion, force,
intimidation to keep
power
• Perpetuates injustice,
poverty, inequality
• Focus on finding
common ground,
building collective
strength
• Mutual support,
solidarity, collaboration
• Builds bridges
• Belief in each • A person’s sense of self-
individual’s potential and worth and self-
their ability to make a knowledge
difference • Capacity to imagine and
have hope

THE ACTION GUIDE FOR ADVOCACY AND

CIVIC PARTICIPATION
 01 INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
Relational Specificity

Direct Diffuse

Interactions of
COMPULSORY INSTITUTIONAL
specific actors
Power works through

Social relations of
STRUCTURAL PRODUCTIVE
constitution

TAXONOMY OF POWER
 01 INTRODUCTION

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
Social Markers of Difference

Gender Identity, Traditional

Individual's Personal Manifested or Latent
Norms, Ethnicity, and
Experiences
Religion

Household

Workplace

Community

Formal Institutions

THEORY OF INTERSECTIONALITY
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
TF 1: Personal, Economic, and Social
Progression Empowerment
(Anti-Male Guardianship
Circle
Movement)

TF 2:
Women Empowerment TF 4:
Economic Empowerment Theoretical
The Action Guide for (Not empowered, Partially Theory of Intersectionality
Advocacy and Civic (Ministry of Economy and Framework
Participation Planning) empowered, empowered)

DEPENDENT VARIABLES
TF 3: Social Empowerment
Taxonomy of Evaluative
(International Federation for
criteria
PEARSON’S
Power Human Rights)
RANK
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
CORRELATION
• Relevance
• Coherence
• Effectiveness
 02 LITERATURE REVIEW

RRL SYNTHESIS
Study Gap
Saudi women have the least
studied population therefore the
existing social researchers
criticize the amount of
information and literature that
discusses Saudi Arabia’s structure
of essentialism (Mustafa &
Troudi, 2019).
 03 METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN
CONVERGENT PARALLEL MIXED METHOD &
CORRELATIONAL APPROACH
 03 METHODOLOGY

LOCALE & PARTICIPANTS

RESPONDENTS
FAR EASTERN • Saudi Arabia women
UNIVERSITY - • 18-54 years old
MANILA (2023) • Single, Married,
Widowed, Separated, or
Divorced
SAUDI • At least secondary school
ARABIA graduate
 03 METHODOLOGY

LOCALE & PARTICIPANTS

KIIs
Informant Criteria Code Job Title Nature of Work

Advocates for Women Economic

(1) Your field and expertise are relevant to the researcher's
Women’s Personal Previous National Consultant at Empowerment through GO Negosyo and
study; (2) You have experience or knowledge to the proponents' KI-1
Empowerment UN Women PH Tech Filipina Entrepreneurship Summit at
research; (3) You hold at least a bachelor's degree.
UN Women PH

University professor at De La Salle Development Studies and Political

(1) Your field and expertise are relevant to the researcher's KI-2
Women’s Economic University - Manila Economy of MENA Lecturer
study; (2) You have experience or knowledge to the proponents'
Empowerment
research; (3) You hold at least a bachelor's degree.
Advocates for women economic
Philippine Business Coalition for
empowerment through working with
Women - Policy and
various international organizations and
(1) Your field and expertise are relevant to the researcher's KI-3 Communications Manager;
Women’s Social funding agencies such as USAID,
study; (2) You have experience or knowledge to the proponents' Previous ASEAN Policy specialist
Empowerment Department of Foreign Affairs, and
research; (3) You hold at least a bachelor's degree. (PH Women Econ Network)
Australian DFAT

CRITERIA FOR INFORMANTS PROFILE OF KEY INFORMANTS

 03 METHODOLOGY

DATA GATHERING

ONLINE SURVEYS - MULTI STAGE SAMPLING METHOD

ONLINE & FACE-TO-FACE KII INTERVIEWS

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA

 03 METHODOLOGY

DATA GATHERING
Participant Criteria Snowball and Purposive Cluster Category (Number of
Category Respondents)
Snowball (1) University students who have parents or relatives in Saudi Arabia; (2)
Sampling Previous Overseas Filipino Workers in Saudi Arabia. Referral Pair 1 6 Local Saudi Arabian Women

Referral Pair 2 5 Local Saudi Arabian Women

can secure survey participants under the following criteria: (1) They are a
Purposive Saudi Arabian citizen between the ages of 18 and 54; (2) They have firsthand Referral Pair 3 5 Local Saudi Arabian Women
Sampling experience with socio-political and economic living conditions in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia; (3) They hold at least a secondary degree. Referral Pair 4 5 Local Saudi Arabian Women

Referral Pair 5 13 Local Saudi Arabian Women

if you meet the following criteria: (1) You are a Saudi Arabian citizen between
Referral Pair 6 1 Local Saudi Arabian Women
the ages of 18 and 54; (2) You have firsthand experience with socio-political
Cluster Sampling
and economic living conditions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; (3) You hold
at least a secondary degree.
TOTAL COUNT OF FINAL
REFERRALS AND REFERRED
RESPONDENTS
CRITERIA FOR PARTICIPANTS
 04 DATA ANALYSIS

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Results and Findings

PE (43.81%) - partially empowered
EE (64.29%) - empowered
SE (33.93%) - partially empowered
PE + EE + SE (47.34%)- partially empowered
 04 DATA ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

As per the WEI and Frequency Spectrum, the Anti Male Guardianship Movement has partially
RQ1 empowered Saudi Arabian women in all themes of Personal, Economic, and Social empowerment

Based on the Action Guide for Advocacy and Civic Participation framework, the Ministry of Economy
RQ2 and Planning has assisted in the supervision of Saudi Arabia women’s economic empowerment.

References indicate that the FIDH remains simply as an international factor with little to no influence due to
RQ3 the complications faced in upholding advocacies because of systemic nuances that make implementation
difficult in Saudi Arabia
 05 SUMMARY & FINDINGS

RECOMMENDATIONS

Widespread data collection & additional socioeconomic factors

More extensive use of the WEI tool

Broaden participant tools, locale, and application of different methodologies

WHAT ARE THE REAL ASPIRATIONS OF
MUSLIM WOMEN AND CAN THESE
ASPIRATIONS BE FULFILLED WITHIN
THE ISLAMIC PROVISIONS?
UTHMAN (2005)