PHÂN TÍCH KINH DOANH (BA)

Chương 7
PHÂN TÍCH YÊU CẦU &
ĐỊNH NGHĨA THIẾT KẾ
(Requirements Analysis & Design Definition)

02/04/2024

Nguyễn Duy Thanh

(thanhnd@buh.edu.vn)
 AGENDA

 Introduction
 Core Concept Model in RADD
 Specify and Model Requirements
 Verify Requirements
 Validate Requirements
 Define Requirements Architecture
 Define Design Options
 Analyze Potential Value and Recommend Solution
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 Knowledge Area Relationships

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 Overview of RADD [6]

1. Specify and Model Requirements

2. Verify Requirements
3. Validate Requirements
4. Define Requirements Architecture
5. Define Design Options
6. Analyze Potential Value and Recommend Solution

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 Business Analysis Value Spectrum

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 Core Concept Model in RADD

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HUB - MIS (2024)
 7.1 - SPECIFY AND MODEL
REQUIREMENTS

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 SPECIFY AND MODEL REQUIREMENTS

• Specify and Model Requirements is used to analyze, integrate,

and process elicitation results into requirements and designs; It
is focused on understanding the needs of the organization and
the output of that activity are the requirements

• Purpose: Analyze, synthesize, and refine elicitation results into

requirements and designs

• Description: Specify and Model Requirements describes the

practices for analyzing elicitation results and creating
representations of those results.

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HUB - MIS (2024)
 INPUT

• Elicitation Results (any state): Modelling can begin with any

elicitation result and may lead to the need for more elicitation
to clarify or expand upon requirements.

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 ELEMENTS [4]

• Model Requirements
• Analyze Requirements
• Represent Requirements & Attributes
• Implement the Appropriate Levels of Abstraction

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 GUIDELINES & TOOLS [5]

• Modelling Notations / Standards

• Modelling Tools
• Requirements Architecture
• Requirements Lifecycle Management Tools
• Solution Scope

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 TECHNIQUES [24]
1. Acceptance & Evaluation Criteria
2. Business Capability Analysis
3. Business Model Canvas
4. Business Rules Analysis
5. Concept Modelling
6. Data Dictionary
7. Data Flow Diagrams
8. Data Modelling
9. Decision Modelling
10.Functional Decomposition
11.Glossary
12.Interface Analysis
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13. Non-Functional Requirements Analysis
14. Organizational Modelling
15. Process Modelling
16. Prototyping
17. Roles & Permission Matrix
18. Root Cause Analysis
19. Scope Modelling
20. Sequence Diagrams
21. Stakeholder List, Map / Personas
22. State Modelling
23. Use Cases & Scenarios
24. User Stories
14
 (6) Data Dictionary (p. 247)

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 Elements

• Data Elements

• Primitive Data Elements

• Composite Elements.

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 (7) Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) (p. 250)

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 Elements

• Externals (Entity, Source, Sink)

• Data Store

• Process

• Data Flow.

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 Data Flow Diagram Gane-Sarson Notation

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 (20) Sequence Diagrams (p. 341)

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 Elements

• Lifeline

• Activation Box

• Message.

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 (22) State Modelling (p. 348)

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 Elements

• State
• State Transition
• State Diagram.

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 State Transition Diagram

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 STAKEHOLDERS

• Any Stakeholders

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 OUTPUTS

• Requirements (specified and modelled): Any combination of

requirements and/or designs in the form of text, matrices, and
diagrams.

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 7.2 - VERIFY REQUIREMENTS

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 VERIFY REQUIREMENTS

• Requirements Verification is the process of confirming that the

system requirements contain all the necessary elements of
well-written requirements

• Purpose: Ensure that requirements and designs specification

and models meet quality standards and are usable for the
purpose they serve

• Description: Ensure that the requirements and designs have

been defined correctly; It constitutes a check by the business
analyst and key stakeholders to determine that the
requirements and designs are ready for validation.

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HUB - MIS (2024)
 INPUT

• Requirements (specified and modelled): Any requirement,

design, or set of those may be verified to ensure that text is well
structured and that matrices and modelling notation are used
correctly.

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 ELEMENTS [3]

• Characteristics of Requirements and Design Quality

• Verification Activities
• Checklists

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 GUIDELINES & TOOLS

• Requirements Life Cycle Management Tools

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 TECHNIQUES [4]

1.Acceptance & Evaluation Criteria

2.Item Tracking
3.Metrics & Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
4.Reviews

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 STAKEHOLDERS

• Any Stakeholders

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 OUTPUTS

• Requirements (verified): A set of requirements or designs that

is of sufficient quality to be used as a basis for further work.

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 7.3 - VALIDATE REQUIREMENTS

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 VALIDATE REQUIREMENTS

• Validation Requirements is the process of confirming the

completeness and correctness of requirements

• Purpose: Ensure that all requirements and designs align to the

business requirements and support the delivery of needed
value

• Description: Validation Requirements is an ongoing process to

ensure that stakeholder, solution and transition requirements
align to the business requirements and that the designs satisfy
the requirements.

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HUB - MIS (2024)
 INPUT

• Requirements (specified and modelled): Any types of

requirements and designs can be validated; Validation activities
may begin before requirements are completely verified.

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 ELEMENTS [3]

• Identify Assumptions
• Define Measurable Evaluation Criteria
• Evaluate Alignment with Solution Scope

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 GUIDELINES & TOOLS [4]

• Business Objectives
• Future State Description
• Potential Value
• Solution scope

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 TECHNIQUES [7]

1.Acceptance & Evaluation Criteria

2.Document Analysis
3.Financial Analysis
4.Item Tracking
5.Metrics & Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
6.Reviews
7.Risk Analysis & Management

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 STAKEHOLDERS […]

• All Stakeholders

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 OUTPUTS

• Requirements (validated): Validated requirements and designs

are those that can be demonstrated to deliver benefit to
stakeholders and align with the business goals and objectives of
the change.

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 7.4 - DEFINE REQUIREMENTS
ARCHITECTURE

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 DEFINE REQUIREMENTS ARCHITECTURE

• Define Requirements Architecture is requirements collectively

support one another to fully achieve the objectives

• Purpose: Enrures the structure of all requirements of a change

• Description: Business analysts use requirements architecture to:

– Understand which models are appropriate for domain,
solution scope, and audience
– Organize requirements into structures relevant to different
stakeholders
– Ensure the requirements work together to achieve the
overall objectives.

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HUB - MIS (2024)
 INPUT [3]

• Information Management Approach

• Requirements (any state)

• Solution Scope

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 ELEMENTS [5]

• Requirements Viewpoints and Views

• Template Architecture
• Completeness
• Relate and Verify Requirements Relationships
• Business Analysis Information Architecture

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 GUIDELINES & TOOLS [3]

• Architecture Management Software

• Legal Regulatory Information
• Methodologies and Frameworks

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 TECHNIQUES [6]

1.Data Modelling
2.Functional Decomposition
3.Interviews
4.Organizational Modelling
5.Scope Modelling
6.Workshops

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 (1) Data Modeling (p. 256)

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 Elements

• Entity or Class

• Attribute

• Relationship or Association

• Diagrams (...)

• Metadata.

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 STAKEHOLDERS [6]

• Domain SME
• Implementation SME
• Project Manager
• Sponsor
• Tester
• Any stakeholder

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 OUTPUTS

• Requirements Architecture: The requirements and the

interrelationships among them, as well as any contextual
information that is recorded.

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 7.5 - DEFINE DESIGN OPTIONS

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 DEFINE DESIGN OPTIONS

• Define Design Options determines the solution approach,

recognize opportunities to enhance the business, assign
requirements across solution elements

• Purpose: It represents design option that achieve the desired

future state

• Description: When designing a solution, there may be one or

more design options identified; Each design option
represents a way to satisfy a set of requirements.

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HUB - MIS (2024)
 INPUT [3]

• Change Strategy

• Requirements (validated, prioritized)

• Requirements Architecture

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 ELEMENTS [4]

• Define Solution Approaches

• Identify Improvement Opportunities
• Requirements Allocation
• Describe Design Options

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 GUIDELINES & TOOLS [4]

• Existing Solutions
• Future State Description
• Requirements (traced)
• Solution Scope

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 TECHNIQUES [10]

1.Benchmarking & Market Analysis

2.Brainstorming
3.Document Analysis
4.Interviews 6. Mind Mapping
5.Lessons Learned 7. Root Cause Analysis
8. Survey or Questionnaire
9. Vendor Assessment
10.Workshops
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 STAKEHOLDERS [5]

• Domain SME
• Implementation SME
• Operational Support
• Project Manager
• Supplier

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 OUTPUTS

• Design Options: Describe various ways to satisfy one or more

needs in a context.

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 7.6 - ANALYZE POTENTIAL VALUE AND
RECOMMEND SOLUTION

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 ANALYZE POTENTIAL VALUE AND
RECOMMEND SOLUTION

• Analyze Potential Value and Recommend Solution is to

estimate the potential value for each design option

• Purpose: Establish which one is most appropriate to meet the

enterprise’s requirements

• Description: Describes how to estimate the potential value

delivered by a set of requirements, designs or design option;
Design options are evaluated by comparing the potential
value of each option to the other options.

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HUB - MIS (2024)
 INPUT [2]

• Potential Value

• Design Options

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 ELEMENTS [4]

• Expected Benefits
• Expected Costs
• Determine Value
• Assess Design Options and Recommend Solution

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 GUIDELINES & TOOLS [5]

• Business Objectives
• Current State Description:
• Future State Description
• Risk Analysis Results
• Solution Scope

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 TECHNIQUES [15]

1. Acceptance & Evaluation Criteria

2. Backlog Management
3. Brainstorming
4. Business Case 9. Focus Groups
5. Business Model Canvas 10. Interviews
6. Decision Analysis 11. Metrics & Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
7. Estimation 12. Risk Analysis & Management
8. Financial Analysis 13. Survey or Questionnaire
14. SWOT Analysis
15. Workshops
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 STAKEHOLDERS [7]

• Customer
• Domain SME
• End User
• Implementation SME
• Project Manager
• Regulator
• Sponsor

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 OUTPUTS

• Solution Recommendation: Identifies the suggested, most

appropriate solution based on an evaluation of all defined
design options.

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