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Vertebral column
Bony thorax
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.2a
Figure 7.2b
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Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures
Four sutures mark the articulations of the parietal
bones
Coronal suture – articulation between parietal bones and
frontal bone anteriorly
Sagittal suture – where right and left parietal bones meet
superiorly
Lambdoid suture – where parietal bones meet the
occipital bone posteriorly
Squamosal or squamous suture – where parietal and
temporal bones meet
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Figure 7.5
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Sphenoid Bone
Butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the middle
cranial fossa
Forms the central wedge that articulates with all other
cranial bones
Consists of a central body, greater wings, lesser wings, and
pterygoid processes
Major markings: the sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa, and
the pterygoid processes
Major openings include the foramina rotundum, ovale, and
spinosum; the optic canals; and the superior orbital fissure
Figure 7.6a, b
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Ethmoid Bone
Figure 7.7
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Facial Bones
Figure 7.8a
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Maxillary Bones
Figure 7.8b
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Zygomatic Bones
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 7.2a
Posterior Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.2b
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External Lateral Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.3a
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Midsagittal Lateral Aspects of the Skull
Figure 7.3b
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Inferior Portion of the Skull
Figure 7.4a
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Inferior Portion of the Skull
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Figure 7.4b
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Orbits
Figure 7.9b
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Nasal Cavity
Figure 7.10b
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Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 7.11
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Hyoid Bone
Figure 7.13
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Figure 7.14a
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General Structure of Vertebrae
Figure 7.15
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Cervical Vertebrae
Table 7.2
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The Atlas (C1)
Figure 7.16a, b
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The Axis (C2)
Figure 7.16c
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The Atlas (C2)
Figure 7.17a
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Thoracic Vertebrae
Figure 7.17b
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Lumbar Vertebrae
The five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) are located in the
small of the back and have an enhanced weight-
bearing function
They have short, thick pedicles and laminae, flat
hatchet-shaped spinous processes, and a triangular-
shaped vertebral foramen
Orientation of articular facets locks the lumbar
vertebrae together to provide stability
Figure 7.17c
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Sacrum
Sacrum
Consists of five fused vertebrae (S1-S5), which
shape the posterior wall of the pelvis
Coccyx (Tailbone)
The coccyx is made up of four (in some cases three
to five) fused vertebrae that articulate superiorly
with the sacrum
Figure 7.18a
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Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)
Figure 7.19a
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Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)
Figure 7.19b
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Sternum (Breastbone)
Figure 7.19a
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Structure of a Typical True Rib
Figure 7.20
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Appendicular Skeleton
Figure 7.22a
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Clavicles (Collarbones)
Figure 7.22b, c
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Scapulae (Shoulder Blades)
Figure 7.22d, e
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