SYNTHESIS AND HYDROLYSIS OF

SUCROSE
 CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.WHAT IS SUCROSE?
3.SYNTHESIS OF SUCROSE
4.REGULATION OF SUCROSE SYNTHESIS
5.HYDROLYSIS OF SUCROSE
6.CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
-Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar that is synthesized during photosynthesis and transported
throughout plants.
-It is the main form of carbon transported in plants.
-Hydrolysis of sucrose involves breaking the covalent bond in sucrose, which results in the
formation of glucose and fructose.
-Sucrose synthase(SS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of sucrose.
SUCROSE?
-Sucrose is a common, naturally occurring carbohydrate found in many plant and plant part.
-Molecular mass:342.2965 g/mol
-Density:1.59g/cm2
-Melting point:186 degree celsius
-Soluble in: properties of water
-The molecule is a disaccharide combination of the monosaccharides of glucose and fructose
with formula c12h22o11.
-It is also serve as a transportable carbohydrate and sometimes as a storage compound.
STRUCTURAL FORMULA OF
SUCROSE
SYNTHESIS OF SUCROSE:-
-Sucrose synthesis occurs exclusively in the cytosolic compartment of plant cell using carbon
from the hexose phosphate pool.
-The hexose phosphate pool consist of three metabolic intermediate
(I) Glu-6-po4
(II) Glu-1-po4
(III) Fru-6-po4
-Most of the triose phosphate generate by calvin cycles act as precursor for the synthesis of
sucrose.
SYNTHESIS OF SUCROSE IN CYTOSOL:-

-Photosynthesis is carried out by plants, algae and cyanobacteria is the major source of fixed carbon for all
life on earth.
-In plant photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is fixed in the chloroplasts via the calvin cycle to yield triose
phosphates.
-When cytosolic pi (orthophosphate)concentration is high, triose phosphate can be transported to the cytosol
by a phosphate translocator which promoting sucrose synthesis and inhibit starch synthesis.
STEP 1:-
-The triose phosphate in the chloroplast i.e generated by calvin cycle are transported by triose
phosphate translocator.
TRIOSE PHOSPHATE(CHLOROPLAST)+PI(CYTOSOL) TRIOSE
PHOSPHATE(CYTOSOL)+PI(CHLOROPLAST)

STEP 2:-
-In the cytosol, two triose-p molecules(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxy acetone
phosphate)produce one fructose 1,6-bisphosphate(f1,6bp)molecule in a reaction catalyzed by
aldolase.
DHAP +G3P ALDOLASE FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE

STEP 3:-
-F1,6bp is then further metabolized to yield other hexose phosphates, such as fructose-6-
phosphate(f6p) in the presence of enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE +H2O FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE FRUCTOSE-6-
PHOSPHATE
STEP 4:-
-Fructose-6-phosphate is isomerized into glucose-6-phosphate by enzyme hexose phosphate
isomerase.
FRUCTOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE

STEP 5:-
-Glucose-6-phosphate transforms to glucose-1-phosphate with the help of enzyme,
phosphoglucomutase.
GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE GLUCOSE-1-PHOSPHATE

STEP 6 :-
-The enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase generates UDP-and pyrophosphate(pi) from
glucose-1-phosphate and utp.
GLUCOSE-1-PHOSPHATE+UTP UDP-GLUCOSE+PPI
STEP 7:-
-UDP-g is combined with f6p to form sucrose-6-phosphate(sucrose-p)in a reaction catalyzed
by sucrose-6-phosphate synthase.
UDP-GLUCOSE+FRUCTOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE SUCROSE-6-
PHOSPHATE+UDP
STEP 8:-
SUCROSE-6-PHOSPHATE+H20 SUCROSE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE SUCROSE+PI
REGULATION OF SUCROSE
SYNTHESIS:-
HYDROLYSIS OF SUCROSE:-
-Sucrose can be transported by apoplastic or symplastic pathway to the sink tissues where it
can be broken down through catabolism.
-In most cells, it moves by symplastic transport, diffusing through the plasma membrane. In
this case, the sucrose is broken down in the cytosol or separated in the vacuole to maintain
passive import.
-In some tissue sucrose is unloaded from the phloem into the apoplast.
-Sucrose is broken down or hydrolysed to yield glucose and fructose in the presence of enzyme
invertase or sucrose synthase.
DEGRADATION OF SUCROSE BY SUCROSE SYNTHASE :-
-Sucrose synthase catalyzes or reversible reaction that can synthesize or breakdown sucrose.
-In plant cells, this enzyme associated primarily with sucrose degradation.
SUCROSE +UDP UDP-GLUCOSE+FRUCTOSE

DEGRADATION OF SUCROSE BY INVERTASE:-

-The reaction can be catalyzed by invertase which is irreversible and so only leads to
degradation.
SUCROSE+H2O GLUCOSE+FRUCTOSE
 A different between these two sucrose degrading enzymes lies in the energy status
of the products in relation to the cytosolic hexose phosphate pool.
-Invertase produce free hexose that must be phosphorylated at the expense of ATP.
-By contrast, sucrose synthase generating UDP-glucose which can react with pyrophosphate
to produce glucose-1-phosphate and uridine triphosphate(UTP).
-Thus, sucrose synthase, combined with UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, can provide an
ATP-independent pathway for hexose phosphorylation.
CONCLUSION :-
-Sucrose is the most abundant disaccharide and the major product of photosynthesis.
-In conclusion, sucrose hides a myriad of fascinating physical and chemical properties.
-These attributes not only make it a principal food ingredient but also pave the way for varied
applications in chemistry and allied fields.
-One can indeed marvel at the breadth and depth of sucrose’s contribution to food, science
and in general, other human needs.
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