CE314

EXCRETA
drainage
system
Chapter 7
INTRODUCTION
The excreta drainage system is a vital
part of a building's plumbing,
responsible for safely removing waste
and wastewater from toilets, sinks, and
showers. It uses pipes and fittings to
transport waste to the sewer system,
ensuring sanitation and preventing health
risks.
Materials
Fixture unit equivalent
Size of drainage piping
Fixture connections (Excreta Drainage)
Changes in Direction of Excreta Drainage Flow

TABLE
OF CONTENT
Cleanouts
Grade of Horizontal Excreta Drainage
Piping
Gravity Drainage Required
Drainage of Fixtures Located Below the
Upstream Manhole or below the Main
TABLE
Sewer Level OF CONTENT
Suds Relief
materials
PIPINGS
•Cast iron
•Ductile iron
•Galvanized steel
•Galvanized wrought iron
•Lead
•Copper
•Brass
•Series 1000 PVC DWV
•Extra-strength vitrified clay pipe
•Other approved materials
 EXCEPTIONS
No galvanized ABS and PVC DWV No vetrified clay pipes
wrought iron or piping installations or fittings for building
galvanized steel pipe shall be used in high- drain or sewer shall be
shall be used rise buildings, provided used above ground or
underground and shall that its use shall be the whenever piping is
be kept at least discretion of the Master pressurized by a pump
Plumber/ Designer and or ejector. They sall be
152mm above ground.
also with the full kept at least 0.3 meter
consent of the owner. below finish ground
level.
materials
Drainage fittings shall be of cast iron, malleable iron, lead,
brass, copper, ABS PVC, vitrified clay, or other approved
materials having a smooth interior waterway of the same
diameter as the piping served and all such fittings shall be
compatible with the type of pipe used.
Fittings on screwed pipe joints shall
be of the recessed drainage type.
Burred ends shall be reamed to the
full bore of the pipe
materials

The threads of drainage fittings shall

be tapped to allow two (2) percent or
21 mm/m grade.
fixture unit
equivalent
maximum trap loading

Item
Pipe Size Fixture Unit F.U.
No.

1 32 1

2 38 3

3 51 4

4 76 6
EXCEPTION:
5 102 8 On self-service laundry
size of drainage
piping
Size
drainage piping
The minimum sizes of vertical and/or horizontal drainage
pipings shall be determined from the total of all fixture
units connected thereto, and additional, in the case of
vertical drainage pipes, in accordance with their height or
length.
discrarge capacity
Item
Liters per Second (L/S) Fixture Unit (F.U.)
No.

1 Up to 0.47 1

2 0.50 to 0.95 2

3 1 to 1.89 4

4 1.95 to 3.15 6
For Intermittent Flow Only
 fixture
connections
Drainage piping shall be provided with
approved inlet fittings for fixture connections,
excreta
correctly located according to the size and
type of fixture proposed to be connected.
drainage
 excreta
Two fixtures set back-to-back, or side-by-
side, within the distance allowed between a
trap and its vent, may be served by a single
vertical drainage pipe, provided that each
fixture wastes separately into an approved
doubble fitting
drainage
changes in direction of
excreta
drainage flow
Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by the
appropriate use of approved fittings and shall be of the
angles presented by a 22 1/2° or 1/16 bend, 45° or 1/8 bend,
60° or 1/6 bend or other approved fittings of equivalent
sweeps
horizontal drainage branch line
connections guiidlines
entry fittings fitting types no cross-contaminations

Horizontal drainage branch lines
connect to vertical stacks via
specific fittings.
The approved fittings include 45°
or 60° wye branches, combination
wye and 1/8 bend branches,
sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee
branches, or equivalent approved
fittings.
Fittings with multiple inlets at
the same level can't be used
unless designed to prevent
cross-contamination between
inlets.

double sanitary tees allowed pipe sizes

Double sanitary tees are
acceptable if the barrel is at least
two pipe sizes larger than the
largest inlet.
Pipe sizes recognized for this
purpose are 51, 64, 76, 89,
102, 114, 127 & 152 mm
diameters, etc.
Horizontal drainage lines connecting with
other horizontal drainage line shall enter
through forty-five degree wye branches,
combination wye and one-eight bend branches
or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep.

Vertical drainage lines connecting with

horizontal drainage lines shall enter through
forty-five degree branches or other approved
fittings of equivalent sweep. Sixty degree
branches or offsets may be used only when
installed in a true vertical position
cleanouts
cleanouts
Size of Pipe Size of Cleanout
Threads per 25.4 mm
(mm) (mm)

38 38 11-1/2

51 38 11-1/2

64 64 8

76 64 8

102 & larger 89 8

exceptions
Cleanouts may be omitted on a
horizontal drain line less than 1.5
meter in length unless such line
is serving sinks or urinals.
Cleanouts may be omitted on short
horizontal drainage pipe installed at
a slope of seventy two degrees or
less from the vertical line (or an
angle 1/5 bend)
An approved type of two- way
cleanout fitting, installed inside
the building wall near the
connection between the building
drain and building sewer or
installed outside of a building at
the lower end of the building
drain and extended to grade,
may be substituted for an upper
terminal cleanout
CLEANOUTS
An additional cleanout shall be provided
on a horizontal line with an aggregate
offset angle of direction exceeding one
hundred and thirty-five (135) degrees.
CLEANOUTS
Each cleanout shall be installed so it opens in
the direction of flow to allow
cleaning of the soil or waste line or at right
angles thereto and, except in the
case of wye branch and end-of-line cleanouts,
shall be installed vertically
above the flow line of the pipe
CLEANOUTS
Each cleanout extension shall be considered
as drainage piping and each ninety (90)
degrees cleanout extension shall be
extended from a wye type fitting or other
approved fitting of equivalent sweep.

Each cleanout for an interceptor shall be

outside of such interceptor.
 CLEANOUTS
Each cleanout, unless installed under an
approved cover plate, shall be
above grade, readily accessible, and so located
to serve the purpose it is
intended. Cleanouts located under cover plates
shall be installed to provide the clearances and
accessibility required by this Section.
• For small pipes (51 mm or less), make sure
there's at least 305 mm of space in front of the
Cleanout fittings shall be not less in size
cleanout.
than those given in Table

• For larger pipes, there should be at least 0.45

meters of space in front of the cleanout.

• If the cleanout is under the floor, it must come

up to or above the finished floor level or extend
outside the building if there isn't enough
vertical (0.45 meters) and horizontal (0.75
meters) space for access.

• In residential buildings, no cleanout under the

floor should be more than 6.1 meters away
from a door, trap door, or crawl hole for easy
access.
 When a hubless blind plug is
Countersunk cleanout plugs
Cleanouts shall be provided used for a required cleanout,
shall be installed where
for pressure drainage the complete
raised heads may cause
systems. coupling and plug shall be
hazard to passing personnel
accessible for removal or
or vehicles.
replacement
 grade of
horizontal excreta
drainage piping
Drainage pipes need to be installed in a straight line and
tilted downwards at a minimum slope of 2% (which means a
drop of 20 millimeters for every meter of length) toward the
disposal point.

But, if it's really difficult to achieve this slope due to deep

street sewers, tricky structural issues, or the way the building
is set up, larger pipes (102 mm or more) can have a gentler
slope of at least 1% (10 millimeters drop per meter) if the
authority approves it.
Gravity drainage
required
Where practicable, all plumbing fixtures shall be drained into the
public sewer or private sewage disposal system by gravity.
 Drainage of fixtures
located below the
upstream manhole or
below the main sewer
level
Drainage piping serving fixtures
which have flood level rims located below the elevation
of the nearby upstream manhole invert of the public
sewer
serving such drainage piping shall be protected from
backflow of sewage by installing an approved-type
backwater valve. Fixture installed above such
elevation shall not discharge through the backwater
valve.
located below the crown level of the main sewer
shall discharge into an approved watertight sump
or receiving tank, the sewage or other liquid wastes
shall then be lifted and discharged into the building
drain or building sewer by approved ejector, pump
or other equally efficient mechanical device.
Suds Relief
Fixture outlets shall not be connected to the horizontal excreta
drainage piping system within 2.4 meter of any vertical to horizontal
change of direction of a stack containing suds-producing fixtures.
Bathtubs,
laundries, washing machine standpipes, kitchen sinks and
dishwashers shall be considered suds-producing fixtures.

Exceptions
(a) Single family residences.
(b) Stacks receiving the discharge from less than (3) stories of
plumbing fixtures
 End of
Discussion
 What is the primary purpose of the excreta

01 drainage system in a building?

What are the two main types of excreta

02 drainage systems commonly used in

buildings?

QUIZ What is a vent pipe in the excreta drainage

03 system, and what is its purpose?

04 What is a trap in the excreta drainage system, and why is it essential?

05 How does the excreta drainage system connect to the municipal sewage
system or septic tank?
 To safely transport wastewater and sewage

01 from toilets and fixtures to a treatment

facility or septic tank.

Combined sewer system (sewage and

02 stormwater in one pipe) and separate sewer

system (distinct pipes for sewage and
stormwater).

Answers
A vent pipe prevents vacuum effects, maintains
03 trap seals, and eliminates foul odors in the
drainage system.

A trap is a U-shaped pipe under fixtures that prevents sewer gases from
entering while allowing wastewater to flow.
04

05 Through underground pipes (sewer lateral to municipal system or sewer

line to a septic tank), transporting wastewater for treatment or disposal.
 Arro &
Mendoza

Thank you