and conveys it to the house sewer
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS outside of the building.
GENERAL RULES IN DESIGNING
THE SANITARY SYSTEM:
⚫ The pipes should take the shortest
possible route to the house sewer
or the terminating point of the
sanitary system.
⚫ Control components such as clean-
outs, traps, and vents should be
located strategically to ensure
efficient circulation.
SUBSYSTEMS OF THE SANITARY
SYSTEM:
⚫ Waste Collection System
⚫ Ventilation System
WASTE PIPE
- conveys only wastewater or
liquid waste free of fecal matter
VENT PIPE
- used for ensuring the
circulation of air in a plumbing system
and for relieving the negative pressure
exerted on trap seats
TRAP
- a fitting or device designed and
constructed to provide, when properly
vented, a liquid seal which prevents the
backflow of air or methane gas without
materially affecting the flow of swage or
wastewater through it.
STACK
- the vertical main of a system of
soil, waste or vent piping’s extending
through one or more stories and
extended thru the roof.
BRANCH
- any part of the piping system
other than a main, riser or stack.
HOUSE/ BUILDING DRAIN
- -part of the lowest horizontal
piping of a plumbing system receives
the discharges from the soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside of a building
HOUSE/ BUILDING SEWER
- extends from the house drain
at a point o.60m from the outside face of
the foundation wall of a building to the
junction with the street sewer or to any
point of discharge and conveying the
drainage of one building site.
CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF
SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES
1. HORIZONTAL TO HORIZONTAL
CHANGE IN DIRECTION
- Use 45° wye branches,
combination wye- 1/8 bend branches, or
other approved fittings of equivalent
sweep
2. VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL
CHANGE IN DIRECTION
- 45° wye branches or other
approved fittings of equivalent sweep
3. HORIZONTAL TO VERTICAL
CHANGE IN DIRECTION
- Use 45° or 60° wye branches,
combination wye- 1/8 bend branches,
sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee
branches, or other approved fittings of
equivalent sweeps
- No fitting having more than one
inlet at the same level shall be used (i.e.,
sanitary cross)
- Double sanitary tees may be
used when the barrel of the fitting is at
least two pipe (2) sizes larger than the
largest inlet, (pipe sizes
recognized for this purpose are
51,64,76, 89,102,114, 127, & 152mm
diameters.
MINIMUM SLOPE OF SANITARY
DRAINAGE LINES:
• Minimum slope or pitch of
horizontal drainage pipe- 2% or
20mm/m (1/4” per foot).
• Exception: Where it is
impracticable due to depth of
street sewer, adverse structural
 features and irregular building
plans, pipes 102mm dia. or
larger may have a slope of not
less than 1% or 10mm/m (1/8”
per foot), approved by the
Administrative Authority.
- Used for fixtures such as slop
sinks that are usually built low in the
ground, leaving very little space for
foundation & a trap
- Serves as water seal &
structural support for the fixture

TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS:

1. The Common P-Trap

- Used for lavatories, kitchen 4. The Running Trap
sinks, laundry tubs, & urinals - Used within the line of the
- Materials commonly used for house drain
the P-trap: nickel, chrome plated brass,
Galvanized malleable copper, & PVC

5. The Drum Trap

- Has a large diameter (around
0.16m)
- Used for fixtures that discharge
large
amount of water (bathtubs, shower or
floor drains)

2. The Deep Seal P-Trap

- Water seal is about twice the
size of the common P-trap
- Used for extreme conditions
because
resealing quality is greater

3. The Stand Strap


REQUIREMENTS:
TRAPS REQUIRED
• Each plumbing fixture, except
those with integral traps, shall be
separately trapped with an
approved type water seal trap.
• Only one trap shall be permitted
on a trap arm (portion of a fixture
drain between a trap and the
vent)
• One trap, centrally located, may
serve three single compartment
sinks or laundry tubs or
lavatories, adjacent to each
other and in the same room,
where their waste outlets are not
more than 0.75m apart
SIZE OF TRAPS:
• The trap shall be the same size
as the trap arm to which it is
connected.
• Each fixture trap shall have a
trap seal of water of not less
than 51mm and not more than
102mm (except where a deeper
is found necessary by the
Administrative for special
conditions.
INSTALLATION OF TRAPS:
• The vertical distance between a
fixture outlet tailpiece and the
trap weir shall not exceed 0.60m
in length.
• The developed length of the trap
arm (measured from the top of
closet ring to inner edge of vent)
of a water closet or similar fixture
shall not exceed 1.8m.
• For trap arm 76mm diameter or
larger, a cleanout is required for
a change of direction of greater
than 22.5°
Note: In no case shall the
trap distance be less than 2
times the diameter of the
trap arm
CLEAN – OUTS REQUIRED:
• At the upper terminal of every
horizontal sewer or waste line
• At each run of piping more than
15m (50 ft.) in total developed
length
• At every 15m (50ft) of total
developed length or a fraction
thereof
• Additional clean-out shall be
provided on a horizontal line
with an aggregate offset angle
exceeding 135°
• Inside the building near the
connection between the building
drain and the building sewer or
installed outside the building at
the lower end of the building
drain and extended to grade.
CLEAN – OUTS NOT REQUIRED:
• On a horizontal drain less than
1.5m in length unless such line
is serving sinks or urinals.
• On short horizontal drainage
pipe installed at a slope of 72° or
less from the vertical line (or at
an angle of 1/5 bend)
VENTILATION
- Portion of the drainage pipe
installation intended to maintain a
balanced atmospheric pressure inside • Serves as support to the Main
the system. Soil & Waste Vent

VENT PIPE
- A pipe or opening used for
ensuring the circulation of air in a
plumbing system and for relieving the
negative pressure exerted on trap seals

TYPES OF VENTS:

1. Main Soil & Waste Vent

• The “backbone” of entire
sanitary
• system
• Connected to the Main Soil &
Waste Stack
• The portion where waste
does not travel through
• Continues to the roof; the
portion
• penetrating the roof is called
3. Individual Vent or Back Vent
the Vent Stack Through Roof
• A pipe installed to vent a fixture
(VSTR)
trap, that connects with the vent
system above the fixture served
or terminates in the open air.

4. Unit, Common, or Dual Vent

• An arrangement of venting so
installed that one vent pipe serve
two (2) traps

2. Main Vent
• The principal artery of the
venting system to which vent
branches are connected.
• Also known as “Collecting Vent
Line”
5. Relief Vent
• A vertical vent line that provides
additional circulation of air
between the drainage and vent
system or to act as an auxiliary
vent on a specially designed
system such as a “yoke vent”
connection between the soil and
vent stacks.
7. Looped Vent
• A vertical vent connection on a
horizontal soil or waste pipe
branch at a point downstream of
the last fixture connection and
turning to a horizontal line above
the highest overflow level of the
highest fixture connected there
• Used in spaces without partitions

6. Yoke or By-pass Vent

• A pipe connecting upward from
soil or waste stack below the
floor and below horizontal 8. Wet Vent
connection to an adjacent vent • That portion of a vent pipe
stack at a point above the floor through which wastewater also
and higher than the highest spill flows through
level of fixtures for preventing
pressure changes in the stacks.
9. Stack Vent
• The extension of a soil or waste
stack above the highest
horizontal drain connected to the
stack.

10. Vent Stack

• The vertical vent pipe is installed
primarily for providing circulation
of air to and from any part of the
soil and waste of the drainage
system. The uppermost end
above the roof has traditionally
been referred to as Vent Stack
Through Roof (VSTR).

REQUIREMENTS:

VENTS REQUIRED:
- Each trap shall be protected
against siphonage and back-pressure INDIRECT WASTE PIPE:
through venting. - Is a pipe that does not connect
directly with the drainage system but
VENTS NOT REQUIRED: conveys liquid wastes by discharging
- On a primary settling tank into a plumbing fixture, interceptor or
interceptor which discharges through a receptacle directly connected to the
horizontal indirect waste pipe into a drainage system.
secondary interceptor. The secondary
interceptor shall be properly trapped
and vented.
- Traps serving sinks in an island
bar counter. Such sink shall discharge
by means of an approved indirect waste
pipe into a floor sink or other approved
type receptor.
SANITARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS:

TRAP SEAL LOSS:

- Direct effect of the Minus &
Plus Pressure inside the system due to
inadequate ventilation of traps.

SIPHONAGE (DIRECT AND

MOMENTUM)
- The loss of water seal from
fixture traps resulting from partial 2. RETARDATION OF FLOW
vacuum in the drainage system. - Due to the effect of
atmospheric pressure and/or gravity.

3. DETERIORATION OF THE
MATERIALS
- Due to the formation of acids.

SANITARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS:

1. BACK PRESSURE
- Back pressure refers to
pressure opposed to the desired flow of
a fluid in a confined place such as a
pipe. Back pressure is not pressure
traveling in the opposite direction, it is
actually the remnants of pressure in the
desired direction of movement.