CHAPTER 7

PASSIVE
DISSIPATION SYSTEM

Prepared by: Engr. Judy Ann L. Lanticse

 Principles of passive energy dissipation
 Passive energy dissipation systems represent an
alternative to seismic isolation as a means of
protecting building structures against the effects
of damaging earthquakes.
 The basic function of passive energy dissipation
devices in a building is to absorb or consume a
portion of earthquake input energy.
 Principles of passive energy dissipation
 In conventional construction, earthquake-induced energy is
dissipated in components of the gravity-load resisting
system.
 The action of dissipating energy in framing such as beams in
a moment-resisting frame produces damage in those
components.
 Repair of such damage after an earthquake is typically
expensive and often requires evacuation of the building while
repair work on the gravity system is undertaken.
 The objective of adding damping hardware to new and existing
construction is to dissipate much of the earthquake-induced
energy in disposable elements not forming part of the gravity
framing system.

 Key to this philosophy is limiting or eliminating damage to the

gravity-loading-resisting system.
 Seismic energy dissipation system devices are used in buildings to
dissipate seismic energy in the event of an earthquake.
 These devices use steel and its yielding properties to dissipate the
input seismic energy and protect the building’s structure from
damage and failure.
 Portal Frame

Bare Portal Frame Portal Frame with equipped supplemental

damping device
 Elastic Response Spectra for 1940,
Imperial Valley California Earthquake

a.) Absolute Acceleration b.) Relative Displacement

 The elastic absolute acceleration and relative displacement
response spectra are plotted for the 1940 Imperial Valley, California earthquake and for different values of
structural damping.

o Point A denotes the maximum acceleration and displacement response of the bare portal frame.

o If enough supplemental damping is provided by the added dumber shown in figure b, its damping is
increased to 20% without altering its natural period, the response of this upgraded system is indicated by
point B. Both the maximum absolute acceleration and maximum relative displacement are reduced.

o If the addition of the supplemental damping devices increases the stiffness of the system such that the
natural period of the system is reduced to 0.55s while increasing the damping to 20%, the maximum
absolute acceleration of the structure increases because the reduction of natural period is associated
with a larger spectral acceleration for this earthquake.

o Point D corresponds to the response of the portal frame with the added damper if the damper does not
dissipate any energy but simply acts like an added bracing element, which reduces the natural period of
the bare portal frame to 0.55s.
Energy dissipation devices have been used in mechanical systems for over one
hundred years. Of relevance is the first use of fluid viscous dampers by the
French Army in the 1890s to dampen the shock loadings from artillery pieces.
Many of the components in those dampers can be found in the most modern of
fluid viscous dampers today.

The first application of metallic dampers in structural systems occurred on the

South Rangitikei viaduct in New Zealand in 1981. This railroad bridge is 70 m tall,
with six spans of prestressed concrete hollow-box girder and overall length of
315m. The structure is base isolated to allow the sideways rocking of pairs of
slender reinforced concrete piers. Torsional dampers are used to increase
damping and limit the amount of rocking.
South Rangitikei Bridge in New Zealand
Thank you!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon,
infographics & images by Freepik
 References
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-uO_-o_nMICute girl science lab
● https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0267726122003402
#:~:text=rights%20and%20content-,Abstract,structure%20from%20damage%
20and%20failure
.
● https://buildcivil.wordpress.com/2013/11/25/passive-energy-dissipation-de
vices
/
● https://alleghenydesign.com/load-paths-gravity-loads-lateral-loads/#:~:tex
t=Gravity%20loads%20are%20the%20vertical,load%20path%20to%20the%20g
round
.
● https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-
9445%282008%29134%3A1%283%29