BASIC CALCULUS

GRADE 11 STEM

Limits of Algebraic Functions

 Determine whether or not the number in braces is a
solution of the given open sentence. Write “Yes” or “No”.
 Most Essential
Learning Competencies
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
 illustrate the limit of a function using a table of values
and the graph of the function
 distinguish between and
 illustrate the limit laws
 apply the limit laws in evaluating the limit of algebraic
functions (polynomial, rational, and radical
 Introduction
Imagine that you are going to watch a basketball
game. When you choose seats, you would want to be
as close to the action as possible. You would want to be
as close to the players as possible and have the best
view of the game, as if you were in the basketball court
yourself. Take note that you cannot actually be in the
court and join the players, but you will be close enough
to describe clearly what is happening in the game
 Introduction
This is how it is with limits of functions. We will
consider functions of a single variable and study
the behavior of the function as its variable
approaches a particular value (a constant). The
variable can only take values very, very close to the
constant, but it cannot equal the constant itself.
However, the limit will be able to describe clearly
what is happening to the function near that
constant.
 Limit of a Function
Consider a function f of a single variable .
Consider a constant c which the variable will
approach (c may or may not be in the domain of ).
The limit, to be denoted by , is the unique real value
that will approach as approaches c. In symbols, we
write this process as
.
This is read, ‘‘The limit of as approaches c is .”
 Limit of a Function
• If x approaches c from the left, or through
values less than c, then we write
• If x approaches c from the right, or through
values greater than c, then we write .
Furthermore, we say
.
if and only if
.
 LOOKING AT A TABLE OF VALUES
1.

1.7 2.3
1.99 2.01
1.999 2.001
 LOOKING AT A TABLE OF VALUES
2.

-1.5 -0.5
-1.01 -0.99
-1.001 -0.999
 LOOKING AT A TABLE OF VALUES
3.

0.5 1.5
0.996 1.003
0.9999 1.0001
 LOOKING AT A TABLE OF VALUES
4. if

3.85 4.1
3.995 4.001
3.99999 4.00001
 LOOKING AT A TABLE OF VALUES
5.

0.5 1.5
0.996 1.003
0.9999 1.0001
 Limit of a Function

For polynomial and rational functions , if is in the

domain of , then to evaluate you just need to substitute
the value of for every in
LOOKING AT THE GRAPH
 Limit Laws
1. The limit of a constant is itself. If k is any constant,
then,
Example.

2. The limit of x as x approaches c is equal to c. This may

be thought of as the substitution law, because x is
simply substituted by c.

Example.
 Limit Laws
3. The Constant Multiple Theorem: This says that the limit
of a multiple of a function is simply that multiple of the
limit of the function.

Example. If then
a.
b.
 Limit Laws
For the remaining theorems, we will assume
that the limits of f and g both exist as x
approaches c and that they are L and M,
respectively. In other words,
, and
 Limit Laws
4. The Addition Theorem:

5. The Subtraction Theorem:

 Limit Laws
6. The Multiplication Theorem:

7. The Division Theorem:

 Limit Laws
8. The Power Theorem:

9. The Radical/Root Theorem:

Determine the limits of the following items
using the limit laws.
 THANKS
Do you have !
any questions?

mikee.villanueva15@gmail.com

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