Hydraulic Diagrams

Instructions for reading hydraulic diagrams

Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams
Square, rectangle.
As a rule, control
valves (valve) except
for non return valves
Diamond.
Conditioning
apparatus (filter,
separator, lubricator,
heat exchanger)
Arrow.
Indication of direction.
Path and direction of
flow through valves.
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Circle. Circle. Semi-circle.
As a rule, energy Measuring instrument, Semi rotary actuator.
conversion units (pump, mechanical link, roller
compressor, motor) etc., non-return valve.
The direction of flow, The direction of flow, Indication of direction of
hydraulic flow pneumatic flow or rotation
exhaust to atmosphere
Sloping arrow. Long chain thin.
Indication of the Enclosure for several
possibility of a components
regulation or of a assembled in one unit
progressive variability
Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams

Fixed capacity Fixed capacity Variable capacity Variable capacity

hydraulic pump, one hydraulic pump, two hydraulic pump, one hydraulic pump, two
direction flow directions of flow direction of flow directions of flow

Fixed capacity Fixed capacity Variable capacity Fixed capacity

compressor (always hydraulic motor, one hydraulic motor, two pneumatic motor, two
one direction of flow) direction of flow directions of flow directions of flow

Variable capacity Oscillating motor, Oscillating motor, Fixed capacity pump/motor

pneumatic motor, one hydraulic pneumatic unit, reversal of the direction
direction of flow of flow

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Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams

Fixed capacity Fixed capacity Variable capacity Variable speed drive unit.
pump/motor unit, one pump/motor unit, two pump/motor unit, two Torque converter. Pump
single direction of flow directions of flow directions of flow and/or motor are of variable
capacity

Pressure gauge Thermometer Pressure gauge Flow meter

Integrating flow meter Single acting cylinder Single acting cylinder. Double acting cylinder
Returned by spring with single piston rod

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Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams

Double acting cylinder with Differential cylinder Cylinder with single Cylinder with double
double-ended piston rod fixed cushion fixed cushion

Cylinder with single Telescopic cylinder, Telescopic cylinder, Pressure intensifier,

adjustable cushion single acting double acting one type of fluid

Pressure intensifier, two Air-oil actuator Directional Control valve. Directional Control valve.
types of fluid Two flow paths and two Four flow paths and two
closed ports closed ports

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Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams
Hydraulic pressure
source
Non-return valve,
spring loaded. Opens
if the inlet pressure is
greater than the outlet
pressure plus the
spring pressure.
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Pneumatic pressure Electric motor Non-return valve, free.
source Opens if the inlet pressure
is higher than the outlet
pressure.
Restriction. Affected by Shuttle valve. The inlet Shutt-off valve
viscosity. port connected to the
higher pressure is
automatically
connected to the outlet
port while the other
inlet port is closed
Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams

Heat engine Air bleed Crossed pipelines. Pipeline junction

Not connected

Quick-acting coupling Quick-acting coupling Quick-acting coupling, Quick-acting coupling,

connected with connected without uncoupled, with open uncoupled, closed by
mechanically opened mechanically opened end free non-return valve
non-return valves non-return valve

Filter or strainer Water trap with manual Water trap, Filter with water trap,
control automatically drained manual control

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Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams

Lubricator. Temperature controller. The

Small quantities of oil fluid temp. is maintained
are added to the air between two predetermined
Filter with water trap, Air dryer passing through the values. Heat may be either
automatically drained unit. introduced or dissipated.

Cooler. The arrows Heater. The arroes in Muscular control, Muscular control,
indicates the extraction the diamond indicate general symbol without by push button
of heat. Flow lines of the introduction of indication of control
the cooland drawn. heat. type

Muscular control, Muscular control, Mechanical control, Mechanical control,

by lever by pedal by plunger or tracer by spring

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Graphical symbols for hydraulic diagrams
Mechanical control,
by roller
Electrical control, with 2
windings operating in a
variable way
progressively, operating
in opposite direction
Indirect control, pilot
actuated by release of
pressure. (pneumatic)
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Mechanical control,
by roller, operating one
direction only
Electrical control,
by electric motor
Combined control, by
solenoid and pilot
directional valve. The pilot
directional valve is
actuated by the solenoid.
Electrical control, by Electrical control, by 2
solenoid with one windings operating in
winding opposite directions
Indirect control, pilot Indirect control, pilot
actuated by application actuated by release of
of pressure pressure. (hydraulic)
Combined control, by
solenoid or pilot
directional valve.
Either may actuate the
control independently
Hydraulic pump HA10VO100DFR/31R-PSC62N00
M a in p re ssu re o u t
L ea k lin e fro m
p um p h o us ing . M a in p re ssu re a d ju stm e n t
L S-p re ssu re a d ju stm e nt

L S info rm atio n in n.

P um p flow a d ju stin g
cylind e r w ith sp rin g 2.

H yd rau lic o il inlet.

S ea ling
L S info rm atio n in n.
L S-p re ssu re
a djustm en t.

P um p m a in
M a in p re ssu re sh aft.
M a in p re ssu re
o utle t. a djustm en t.
Pum p pistons.
P um p flow
P um p flow a djustin g cylin d er 1.
a djustin g cylin d er 1. Adjusting plate
for piston stroke. M a in p re ssu re
a djustm en t.

L S-p re ssu re
a djustm en t.
P um p flow a d ju stin g
cylind e r w ith sp rin g 2. L ea k lin e
H yd rau lic o il inlet. to ta n k.

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 Danfoss proportional valve
DANFO SS PRO PO RTIO NAL VALVE

E lectronics

P W M signal PWM Po we r U +
Volt

P ulse w idth m odule signal

P LC DC

output output

Tim e

C ontrol voltage
Sp o o l (AA, A, B, C , D, E)
level/ U s P art #931020
24 (+)
B
O il flow
Q A /B
(-) P
A P A l/m in P B
E 1 100 1
0 E
PW M %
50 99 90
8 80 8
P ressure to A port control % < 50 D 1 70
1
D
(If battery voltage 24V control < 12V ) 8
60
8
50
C 1 1
P ressure to B port control % > 50 40 C
8 8
(If battery voltage 24V control > 12V ) B 30
B
20
A 10 A
AA AA
0 US
3 2 1 PVE
0.2 5 0.3 0.3 5 0.4 0.4 5 0.5 0.5 5 0.6 0.6 5 0.7 0.7 5 UDC

C ontrol ratio w ith P V E H , (B )

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 Hydraulic symbols (1)

Pressure sensor (I/P)
I =current, P=pressure.
M easuring point for
external pressure gauge.
Hydraulic oil tank level, M ain shut off valve Breather w ith filter. Pressure gauge. M anual shut off valve LS-pressure regulator
temperature and elec- with lim it electrical plugged outlet and hose. it w ill gain LS-flow to
trical low lim it. limit switch. hydraulic pump if high
LS consum ption pum p
is used.
(It is like transistor)

Thermostat valve witch divide oil according need to Hydraulic pump unit. Pump is driven with diesel engine.
tank or cooler. B221 in diagram is tem perature sensor It is so called LS-pum p Adjusted pressures are
which will give resistance signal according tem p. LS_pressure is 25bar, m ain pressure 280bar.
LS = Load Sensing.
Upper: Return filter with bypass valve
and filter dirty indicator. Also, from there
can be found oil filling point (IN).
Lower: Pressure filter w ith bypass valve
and pressure switch which give signal
when filter is unclean.

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Hydraulic symbols (2)
Directional valve for controlling optional
conveyor folding. Manually operated and
spring return to neutral position. Cylinder
pressure has lim ited with pressure relief
valve to 220bar.
2 direction hydraulic m otor
with gear ratio is 1/30. Also
there is 2 check valve.
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Resistor valve is used for
adjusting oil flow speed to
other direction.
(Flow control valve)
2 direction hydraulic m otor
with leak line.
Hydraulic 2-way cylinder with
back blow valve for prevent
cylinder m ovem ent after hose
dam age.
Leak lines collection point.
(5 input and 1output to tank)
Hydraulic symbols (3)
Pressure lines for
actuators.
Pressure relief valves
for A and B port.
Pilot pressure line
for valves. Anti cavitation
valve(check valve)
End plate plug Pressure relief valve
lines which come for adjusting pilot pressure
through valves
M ain pressure lim it
for pilot pressure.

LS-pressure lim its M ain pressure lim it.

Orifice for A and B port.

Shuttle valve LS-pressure lim its

Pressure line. for A and B port. LS-pressure LS-pressure
Pressure left side in right side in
com pensator. (Adjustment sam e)

Shuttle valve
Return line.
This valve block is used for m ain
conveyor drive port A and m ain
conveyor folding port B (option).
PVG 32 directional valve with hydraulic
pilot control. Electrical control end is
PVEO . That m ean electrical activation
O N/O FF type.
Pressure com pensator control that
peaks in pressure line does not
increase/decrease actuator speed in
norm al operation.
This valve is used for hopper conveyor
port A and track drive speed
adjustm ent port B.
PVG 32 directional valve with hydraulic
pilot control. Electrical control end is
PVEB. Electrical control end is
proportional type.
Pressure com pensator control that
peaks in pressure line does not
increase/decrease actuator speed in
norm al operation.
This valve is used for track drive port A
and B.
PVG 32 directional valve with hydraulic
pilot control. Type is electrical control
end is PVEB. Electrical control end is
proportional type.
LS-pressure has been lim ited in both
ports A and B to 270bar.
This pum p block take in m ain pressure
an there is connection for tank line and
LS-line to pum p.
PVPM V pum p block.
Pressure relief valve for pilot line will
adjust pilot pressure to about 15bar
level.
Also there is m ain pressure lim it for
pilot pressure lim ited to about 30bar
level.

Shuttle valve com pare pressures from LS-pressure has been lim ited in both M ain pressure lim it to whole system
this valve and LS-line. If LS-pressure is ports A is 210bar and B is 35bar. This which has been equipped 300bar
higher in this valve it goes to pum p. does not give m ore pressure for those spring.
actuators than adjusted.

Pressure relief valves protect valve

from actuator pressure peaks. Anti
cavitation valve (check valve) allow
actuator suck oil from tank line when

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