National Security

National Security is concerned with the nations

freedom from danger of having to sacrifice or
otherwise lose its core values, traditions and
institutions and its territorial integrity and
sovereignty, as well. In a way then, national
security is a condition whereby the people’s way
of life and institutions, sovereignty and territorial
integrity - - - in a word, their welfare and well
being - - - are preserve and enhance. To provide
for that condition there has to be created a
domestic as well as an international environment
that is conducive to the maintenance and
enhancement of the vital national values and
interests vis-à-vis existing or potential adversaries
and obstructions.
 National Security

- any expression of
intuition to inflict evil, injury, or
damage to national security.
- dangers to the
components of National Security
and Stability
 National Security

 Internal Aspect
 External Aspects
 National Security

 INTERNAL ASPECT - National

Security relates to the defense of the
government against hostile local
elements seeking replacement with
their own system
In this sense, national security refers
to measures aimed at countering domestic
or internal challenges to the existing
political and socio-economic order
 National Security

 EXTERNAL ASPECT - concerned

with safeguarding the state against outside or
foreign forces, pressures or influence designed
to conquer it or undermine its sovereignty, for
the purpose of placing it under the domination or
control of some foreign state or states.

In this sense, national security embraces

the defense arrangements directed to insuring
safety of the state against foreign intervention or
domination
 National Security

Internal Threats:
 Communist Terrorist Movement

Secessionist Movements

 Organized Crimes (kidnapping;

smuggling; gambling; etc)
 MAIN THREAT TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
COMMUNISM – A system of thought and action
originated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, developed
by VI Lenin and his successors. This system advocates,
among other things: (1) Materialist explanation of origin
of man and the universe (2) a comprehensive economic
interpretation of history centering about the class
struggle; (3) abolition of the noncommunist state, which
conceived as an instrument of exploitation (4)
revolutionary theory (5) moral code based on utility: on
nonsupernatural concepts; (6) abolition of religions; (7) a
world – wide communist revolution; and (8) a world –
wide communist society.

Karl Marx
  Most Communists are ordinary –
looking people

 Comes from the poor sector of our

society

 They are youth who are adventurous,

and are searching for new ideas or new
faith

 They are intellectuals, artists,

clergymen, musicians, nurses, writers,
farmers, drivers, workers and many
others.

 They may live in expensive residential

area, or in a less affluent community
Karl Marx
 Some General Reasons:

 Curiosity – and Adventure - seekers

 Idealism
 Wrong sense of Patriotism
 Infatuation
 In search for a true Brotherhood
 Searching for personal freedom
 Some wanted Social Companionship
 Motivated by Communist Agitation and
Propaganda
 Opportunist
 Disgruntled Misfits
 Power hungry personalities
 Sexual Appeal

Karl Marx
 INFLUENCED FROM READING BOOKS ON
MARXISM DURING HIS UNIVERSITY DAYS IN
UP DILIMAN:

According to JMS; “… In late 1958 that

I discovered a few Marxist works in the UP main
Library and in private collections of friends.
This included the Communist manifesto of Marx
and Engels, Anti-Duhring of Engels, Materialism
and Empirio-Criticism of Lenin and Analysis of
Classes in Chinese Society by Mao Tse Tung.

He was responsible for forming the

study which consolidated into the Student
Cultural Association of the University of the
Phil (SCAUP)” (Source: The Phil Revolution:
The leaders View by Rainer Werning)

Karl Marx
 THREE MAIN WEAPONS OF THE
REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE
CPP - THE BRAINS
COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE PHILIPPINES
(POLITICAL LEADERSHIP)

NPA
NEW PEOPLE'S ARMY
(MILITARY ARM)
NDF
NATIONAL
DEMOCRATIC FRONT
(UNITED FRONT)
• UMBRELLA
ORGANIZATION FOR
THE PARTY
• CPP FRONT AND
INFILTRATED GROUPS
• OBJECTIVES:

• Seize the political power

of the government
through waging the
National Democratic
Revolution (NDR) with a
socialist perspective.
• Establish a socialist
society.
 CPP/NPA TACTICS OF CONCENTRATION,
DISPERSAL AND SHIFTING OF FORCES

• CONCENTRATES A
FORCE CAPABLE OF
CONDUCTING
TACTICAL OFFENSIVE
• DISPERSES ITS FORCES
TO CONDUCT MASS
WORK
• SHIFTS FORCES TO
EVADE ENEMY
OFFENSIVE
 MAOIST STRATEGY AND
TACTICS
• "When enemy advances, we
retreat; when the enemy
camps, we harass; when the
enemy tires, we attack; and,
when the enemy withdraws, we
pursue"
• “Concentrate a superior force
to destroy the enemy one by
one."
 Rebolusyonaryong Programa Para sa Reporma sa
Lupa (RPRL) or Agrarian Revolution (AGREV)
MINIMUM PROGRAM MAXIMUM PROGRAM
CERTIFICATE OF
LAND OWNERSHIP

• REDUCTION OF LAND RENT THROUGH THE

SYSTEMATIC WITHHOLDING OF A CERTAIN
PART OF THE CROP WITHOUT THE
LANDLORD’S KNOWLEDGE
• INCREASE IN THE WAGES OF AGRICULTURAL
WORKERS
• REDUCTION OF INTEREST RATES ON LOANS.
NPA LANDLESS
FARMERS
• ELIMINATION OF USURY
• ARRANGE FAIR EXCHANGE OF LABOR AND
NON-PAYMENT OF DEBTS • OUTRIGHT CONFISCATION OF LANDS
• RAISE PRODUCTION BY SETTING UP FROM LANDLORDS AND MULTINATIONAL
AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES CORPORATIONS
• CHANGE IN THE EXISTING LEASEHOLD • FREE DISTRIBUTION OF LAND TO THE
SYSTEM LANDLESS PEASANTS
 New Peoples Army
• REGULAR MOBILE FORCE
• GUERRILLA UNITS
• PEOPLE’S MILITIA
• SPARROW/PARTISAN UNIT
NPA ROLE
•Primary Mass Organization of the CPP.
•It is a Fighting, Production, Propaganda and
Organizing force of the CPP.
•Its primary task is to smash the Politico-
Military Machinery (AFP) of the government.
•To push forward the Protracted People’s
War
National
Democratic
Front

AIM: Arouse and mobilize the peasant

sector to create conditions favorable for
peasant uprising (Agrarian Revolution)
 THE NDF
THE NDFP IS A UNITY OF ALL POSITIVE FORCES OF
SOCIETY AGAINST FEUDALISM, BUREAUCRAT-
CAPITALISM, AND IMPERIALISM

IT IS THE OTHER WEAPON OF THE CPP, BUT IT IS A

VITAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE REVOLUTION

THE OBJECTIVE OF THE NDFP IS TO AROUSE,

ORGANIZE, AND MOBILIZE THE MAJORITY OF THE
MASSES FOR THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC
REVOLUTION AND TOTALLY ISOLATE THE
GOVERNMENT FROM THE PEOPLE

IT IS AN ACTIVE, BUT DEFENSIVE WEAPON OF THE

CPP AND COULD APPEAR AS LEGAL, SEMILEGAL AND
ILLEGAL ORGANIZATION

IT USES DECEPTION TO ENTICE THE MASSES

INFAVOR OF THE REVOLUTION
 LEGAL STRUGGLE
undermines the nation's social, economic and
political stability
an insidious weapon for subversion
party workers hides behind sectoral front
organizations
creates conditions favorable for the launching of
armed revolution
 LEGAL STRUGGLE

PARTICIPATION IN
OPEN MASS MOVEMENT ELECTIONS

ENGAGE GOV'T IN PEACE

NEGOTIATIONS
 CPP/NPA/NDF FRONT ORGANIZATIONS AND NATIONAL
UNDERGROUND MASS ORGANIZATIONS (NDUGMOS)
SECTOR NDUGMOs LEGAL FRONT ORGANIZATION
BASIC FORCES
Labor Organizations KASAMA
Trade Unions RKKU Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU)
Students/Youth KM League of Filipino Students (LFS)
Peasants PKM Kilusan ng Magbubukid sa Pilipinas (KMP)

Indigenous People CPDF Cordillera People's Alliance (CPA)

MRO
ROL
MIDDLE FORCES
Women MAKIBAKA General Assembly Binding Women for Reform, Integrity, Equality,
Leadership and Action (GABRIELA)
Religious CNL Christians for the Realization of Sovereign Society (CROSS)
Teachers KAGUMA Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT)
Employees MKP Confederation for Unity, Recognition and Advancement of
Government Employees (COURAGE)
Health MSP  Health Alliance for Democracy (HEAD)
 Alliance of Health Workers (AHW)
Lawyers Lupon ng Manananggol para sa
Bayan (LUMABAN)
Artists Artista at Manunulat ng Sambayanan
(ARMAS)
Scientists Liga ng Agham para sa Bayan (LAB) AGHAM
BROAD LEGAL ALLIANCE BAYAN
REBOLUSYONARYONG KONGRESO NG KILUSANG UNYON (RKKU)
KATIPUNAN NG MGA SAMAHANG MANGGAGAWA (KASAMA)
KABATAANG MAKABAYAN (KM)
PAMBANSANG KATIPUNAN NG MAGBUBUKID (PKM)
MAKABAYANG KILUSAN NG BAGONG KABABAIHAN (MAKIBAKA)
KATIPUNAN NG MGA GURONG MAKABAYAN (KAGUMA)
MAKABAYANG KAWANING PILIPINO (MKP)
CHRISTIANS FOR NATIONAL LIBERATION (CNL), MAKABAYANG
SAMAHANG PANGKALUSUGAN (MSP)
LUPON NG MANANANGGOL PARA SA BAYAN (LUMABAN)
ARTISTA AT MANUNULAT NG SAMBAYANAN (ARMAS)
LIGA NG AGHAM PARA SA BAYAN (LAB)
CORDILLERA PEOPLE's DEMOCRATIC FRONT (CPDF)
MORO REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATION (MRO) AND
REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATION OF LUMADS (ROL)
 OVERSEAS REVOLUTIONARY WORK (ORW)
PROVIDES SUPPORT TO THE PARTY’S
OVERALL EFFORT
DIRECTLY UNDER THE CPP’s
INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT (ID)
Tasked to conduct agitation-
propaganda and fund-raising
campaign
DEVELOP THE BROADEST POLITICAL
AND MATERIAL SUPPORT FOR THE
PARTY
 OVERSEAS REVOLUTIONARY WORK (ORW)

THREE (3) SPECIFIC COMPONENTS, NAMELY:

THE BROAD SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT (BSM),
THE OVERSEAS FILIPINO MOVEMENT (OFM)
THE INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMATIC WORK (IDW)
 OVERSEAS REVOLUTIONARY WORK (ORW)
ESTABLISHED COUNTRY COMMITTEES IN:
US-CANADA, EUROPE, ASIA-PACIFIC,
MIDDLE EAST-AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA
ESTABLISHED SUPPORT GROUPS IN :
SAUDI ARABIA, JAPAN, HONG KONG,
CHINA, AND AUSTRALIA.
RE-CHANNELING OF FUNDS FROM LOCAL NGOs

Undertakes international solidarity work to

convince foreign funding agencies to extend
financial support to projects submitted for
funding by local NGOs
Projects are made to appear legitimate and
for the development of the marginalized
sectors
40% of the money granted goes to the “legal
project” while 60% goes to the CPP
Of the CPP’s share, 60% goes to the Central
Committee and 40% to the party organ that
initiates the project
BREAK
 ASG

ABDURAJAK ABUBAKAR
JANJALANI
 Islamic International Brigade
 Mujahideen Commando
Freedom Fighters
 Abu Sayyaf Group
 ASG POINT OF VIEW

 Extremist interpretation of Islam

 Use of violence to attain goals
 Conflict between Muslims and
Christians
 Terrorist efforts are basically coercive
 Erode credibility of government
 ASG

ASG’s OBJECTIVE

To establish an Independent
Theocratic State in Mindanao
 AL-HARAKA AL-ISLAMIA ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP

ISLAMIC EXECUTIVE AMIR: Khadaffy JANJALANI

COUNCIL
ADVISERS: Isnilon HAPILON
Radullan SAHIRON

BASILAN BASED SULU BASED C/S: Radullan

SAHIRON

PERSONNEL URBAN DEMO

AND AND
OPERATION INTELLIGENCE

LOG/SUPPLY
AND BUDGET FINANCE

LIAISON MEDICAL

SALI ISNILON JALJALIS DR ABU SAHIRON ROBOT FORMER

GLOBAL
GRP GRP GRP GRP GRP GRP GRP
To establish an Independent
Islamic State in Mindanao
 Means to achieve
objective:

Da’wah (Islamic
Call) and Jihad
(Struggle in the
Way of Allah)
 (Islamic Call)

- Strict practice of Islamic faith

- Anchored on MILF’s “Back to Islam”
program
 (Struggle in the
way of Allah)

organized and
unified armed
struggle
fight the perceived
oppressors of faith
MILF AFFECTED AREAS DINAGAT I,

SIARGAO I,
SURIGAO
DEL NORTE

CAMIGUIN AGUSAN
DEL
NORTE SURIGAO
MISAMIS DEL SUR
ORIENTAL

MISAMIS AGUSAN
OCC. BUKIDNON DEL SUR
ZAMBOANGA LANAO
DEL NORTE DEL
NORTE LANAO COMVAL
DEL SUR
DAVAO

ZAMBOANGA
DEL SUR COTABATO
DAVAO
ORIENTAL
MAGUINDANAO
BASILAN
SULTAN
KUDARAT
SOUTH
SULU COTABATO DAVAO
DEL SUR
SARANGANI

TAWI-TAWI
SARANGANI I.
 MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT
CHAIRMAN HASHIM SALAMAT

NGDIV BWAIAF GSD CRA EPA

ISLAMIC SUPREME COURT CENTRAL COMMITTEE MAJLIS AL-SHURA

JIHAD EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
ISLAMIC REGIONAL COURT

ISLAMIC DISTRICT COURT

STANDING COMMITTEES

SWC POL AFFRS INT AFFRS FOREIGN EDUC DA’WAH INFORMATION MIL AFFAIRS

ISF GHQ DIV BIAF

REGIONAL COMMITTEES

WKRC EKRC RNRC ERSRC KKRC WRSRC DRC RBRC SBRC BRC

MUNICIPAL C HAIRMAN
MCPL MCPL MCPL MCPL MCPL MCPL MCPL MCPL MCPL MCPL

BARANGAY C HAIRMAN
BRGY BRGY BRGY BRGY BRGY BRGY BRGY BRGY BRGY BRGY
 BANGSAMORO ISLAMIC ARMED FORCES
BIAF CHIEF OF STAFF: AL HAJ MURAD

GHQ DIVISION
GENERAL STAFF MEMBERS

J-1 J-2 J-3 J-4 J-5 J-6 J-7 J-8 J-9 J-10

1ST
ST DIV 2ND
ND DIV 3RD
RD DIV 4TH
TH DIV 5TH
TH DIV

BRIGADE

BATTALION

COMPANY

PLATOON

SQUAD
DISPOSITION OF MILF/BIAF FORCES
107TH GUERRILLA BASE
COMMAND
•Base:
• Tarragona, Davao
103RD GUERRILLA BASE Oriental
COMMAND
•Base:
• Kauswagan,
Lanao del Norte
102ND GUERRILLA BASE
COMMAND
•Base:
• Camp Busrah, Butig,
Lanao del Sur 3

108TH GUERRILLA BASE 2

COMMAND
• Base: 8 1
• Sirawai,
6 7
Zamboanga Del
Norte
9 109TH GUERRILLA BASE
101st GUERRILLA BASE 5 COMMAND
COMMAND •Base:
•Base: • Talayan,
• Mt Kararao, Barira, 4 Maguindanao
Maguindanao

106TH GUERRILLA BASE

COMMAND
•Base: 105TH GUERRILLA BASE
• Kabacan, Cotabato COMMAND
•Base:
• Columbio, Sultan
Kudarat

104TH GUERRILLA BASE

COMMAND
•Base:
• Palimbang, Sultan
Kudarat
ORIGIN AND OBJECTIVE

Jemaah Islamiyah

• Founded in 1992 in Malaysia

by the late Indonesian Cleric
Abdullah Sungkar
ORIGIN AND OBJECTIVE

GOAL:

• ESTABLISH A DAULAH ISLAMIAH –

AN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC UNIFYING
MALAYSIA, INDONESIA, BRUNEI, THE
SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES AND
THAILAND
Abdullah Sungkar was replaced in 1999
by Abu Bakar BA’ASYIR who in turn
was replaced by THORIQUDIN @ ABU
RUSDAN ABDULLAH SUNGKAR

ABUBAKAR BA’ASYIR
 JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH ORGANIZATION

AMIR
(LEADER/COMMANDER)

GOVERNING RELIGIOUS FATWA DISCIPLINARY

COUNCIL COUNCIL COUNCIL COUNCIL
(MAJELIS (MAJELIS (MAJELIS HISBAH)
QIYADAH) SYURO)
CENTRAL
COMMAND
(QIYADAH
MARKAZIYAH)

MANTIQI 1 (M1) M2 M3 M4
 M3 under Nasser Abbas @ Chairuddin
M1 under Ali Gufron @ Muklas
covers Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimintan
covers Malaysia, Singapore
Sulawesi, and Mindanao
and Southern Thailand

M2 under Abdullah Anshori @ Abu Fatih

Based in Solo, Central Java and covers the
whole of Indonesia except Sulawesi and Kalimantan
 MANTIQI 3

WAKALAH WAKALAH WAKALAH WAKALAH WAKALAH

BADAR UHUD KHUIBAR TABUK HUDEIBIAH

FINANCE COMMON STAFF TRAINING MILITARY RESEARCH

(Bendahara) (Staff umum) (Tabrid) (Tajnid) (Litbang)
Taupiq REFQI (neutralized) HENRY/HENDRY MUADZ/AADI AIDZ MUSTAQIM USMAN @ BOXER
(neutralized)

SECRETARY LOGISTICS FINANCE ACADEMIC

@ Abu SALMAN @ Abu AIMAN Zaqqi @ AGIL WAKID
WAKID KHOLID
Ibnu JAHSIN SUJAC
@ ISA

ARMORY SUPPLY CONSTRUCTION MARKETING KITCHEN TRAINORS

@ Zaq AQIL Adi AIDZ Abu Ainan

@ Abu RUSDI @ SUJAC @ Abu RUSDI @ KHOLID Abu SALMAH TSAQF
Abu Roosyde
 M3 under Nasser Abbas @ Chairuddin
M1 under Ali Gufron @ Muklas
covers Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimintan
covers Malaysia, Singapore
Sulawesi, and Mindanao
and Southern Thailand

M2 under Abdullah Anshori @ Abu Fatih

Based in Solo, Central Java and covers the M4 under Abdul Rahim
whole of Indonesia except Sulawesi and Kalimantan covers Irian Jaya &
Australia
 MANTIQI 3

WAKALAH WAKALAH WAKALAH WAKALAH WAKALAH

BADAR UHUD KHUIBAR TABUK HUDEIBIAH
USMAN @ RIZAL

FINANCE COMMON STAFF TRAINING MILITARY RESEARCH

(Bendahara) (Staff umum) (Tabrid) (Tajnid) (Litbang)
Taupiq REFQI (neutralized) HENRY/HENDRY MUADZ/AADI AIDZ MUSTAQIM USMAN @ BOXER
(neutralized)

SECRETARY LOGISTICS FINANCE ACADEMIC

@ Abu SALMAN @ Abu AIMAN Zaqqi @ AGIL WAKID
WAKID KHOLID
Ibnu JAHSIN SUJAC
@ ISA

ARMORY SUPPLY CONSTRUCTION MARKETING KITCHEN TRAINORS

@ Zaq AQIL Adi AIDZ Abu Ainan

@ Abu RUSDI @ SUJAC @ Abu RUSDI @ KHOLID Abu SALMAH TSAQF
Abu Roosyde
STRATEGIES AND TACTICS

 JI’s primary motivation for its strategic objective of

establishing Islamic state is Islam
 JI is committed to Salafism which practices a
“pure” form of Islam devoid of corruption or
innovation, the same principle adhered to by Al-
Qaeda terror network
 They adopt an anti-west/anti-US agenda by urging
Muslims to launch jihad against enemies
STRATEGIES AND TACTICS

 Southern Philippines is an ideal place for the JI

because of the existence of Islamic secessionist
groups, abundant human resources, permeable
borders for easy access and presence of MILF
camps.
JI USUAL ROUTES TO THE PHILIPPINES
ROUTE 3

ROUTE 1

SARANGANI

ROUTE 2 TAHANU
IS.
TAWAO

• FROM SARANGANI AND ZAMBOANGA JI MEMBERS

PROCEED TO COTABATO CITY AND LATER TO CAMP
HUDEIBIAH IN MT CARARAO (BOUNDARY OF LANAO
DEL SUR & MAGUINDANAO)
STRATEGIES AND TACTICS

WAKALAH HUDEIBIAH
 Adopts cellular/cluster model in its operations
 Local operations are conducted by 2 JI members
and 4 MILF – SOG elements
 Adopts to the AOR by learning local dialects, using
aliases and disguising as businessmen, Islamic
missionaries, charity workers, tourists and
students
STRATEGIES AND TACTICS

 Key JI members use the newest technology for

communication and financial transactions.
 JI is financially supported locally and
internationally for their explosive materials,
operational expenses and daily sustenance.
 JI members take advantage of the presence of
local religious leaders linked with MILF and
Indonesian communities in Mindanao.
 STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
 JI members are taking
advantage of Indonesian
communities in the
municipalities of
 Kiamba, Maasim, Glan and
Malapatan, all in Sarangani
Province
 Governor Generoso, Mati and
Manay, all in Davao Oriental
 Jose Abad Santos, Davao del
Sur
OTHER SECESSIONIST GROUPS
Islamic Command Council (ICC)
 Break away faction of the MNLF
 Formerly known as Moro Islamic Liberation
Organization (MILO)
 Organized sometime 1992 by Melham Alam
(former CS, BMA)
 Aims to pursue the original objective of the
MNLF
 Based in Tungawan, ZDS
 Show of force in Lanao Sur last March 2000
 OTHER SECESSIONIST GROUPS
Maranao Islamic Statehood
Movement (MISM)
 Operates in Lanao provinces
 Objective is the creation of
“Autonomous Federal Islamic State of
Lanao”
 Headed by certain Atty Bara (FNU)
 Came into prominence in 1998 when
they apprehended suspected drug
pushers and users in Marawi City
 National Security

External Threats:
The Kalayaan Island Grp (Spratly)
Claimants:
CHINA

Malaysia
Vietnam
Taiwan
PROC
 National Security
External Threats:
What is the importance of KIG?
Strategic shipping route to Indian Ocean
Trade route of most Phil overseas trades
Along major air lanes
2 million sea harvest exposed to
hazards
of oil spill
Fossil or contamination
fuel deposits
Migration path of commercially viable
marine produce (tuna)
 National Security
External Threats:
China’s Interest at KIG!

 3 Trillions USD worth of hydrocarbon

deposits
 Excellent source of marine protein
for China’s 1.4 billion population
 At this juncture, recall that national or state
security is protection and defense of the state,
more specifically the things that it holds most dear
– its core values, like sovereignty, territorial
integrity, gov’t, etc. But against whom is
nat’l/state security intended? The states core
values are threatened of being lost by whom?
Obviously, it must be another state or an entity or
entities that are foreign – and military power is
resorted to for containing the threat. But since a
state is composed of a community of persons,
what about the security or safety of the individual
persons or people making up the state?