LESSON 1:

DEFINITION OF QR, CHARACTERISTICS

OF QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

PREPARED BY:
D.E.M. TEMPLADO
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Language + Statistics= “Kwenta na may Kwento”.

Statistical methods through polls, close-ended
questionnaires and surveys.
 Uses numbers and figures to explain a particular
phenomenon.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Language= “Kwento na may Kwenta”.

 Is Subjective: emotional condition or existence of
the object matters.
SHOULD WE BE LOOKING FOR LIFE
ELSEWHERE IN THE UNIVERSE?
1 2

IS THERE LIFE  How was the Universe formed?

1.
ON MARS?  Is there life on Mars?
 What are protons, neutrons, and
electrons composed of?
SOCIAL MEDIA AND BODY IMAGE
1 2

 Do you think you generally have a positive

or negative sense of body image?
 How does social media affect the way you
perceive yourself?
THE LEARNING DIFFICULTIES OF
STUDENTS RELATED WITH ENGLISH
1 2

 Which is more important, grammar or substance?

 What are students’ writing strategies?
 How can students better expand their vocabulary ?
PHENOMENA
/PHENOMENON
• A fact or a situation that is observed to
exist or happen, especially one whose
cause or explanation is in question.

• SYNONYMS: occurrence, event,

happening, situation, circumstance,
experience, case.
NATURAL
PHENOMENA
• Natural observable events that occur in
the Universe and that we can use our
science knowledge to explain or predict.

• lightning, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic

eruptions, tornadoes, and similar.
SOCIAL/ BEHAVIORAL
PHENOMENA
• Refers to any pattern of behavior,
thought, or action, that occurs within a
society or group of people.

• Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors

of people of a certain group.
 PURE / FUNADAMENTAL APPLIED/ PRACTICAL
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH

CATEGORIES OF RESEARCH
PURE/
FUNDAMENTAL
RESEARCH
Knowing the origin of the universe.
Knowing how neurons work.
Kowing what Corona Virus is.
PURE
RESEARCH?
”Theory’’ focused.
Identifies new ideas, theories,
principles, and new way of
thinking.
Exploratory in nature.
Conducted without any specific
goal, but to ADVANCE
knowledge.
PRACTICAL/
APPLIED
RESEARCH
 What is the cure for COVID?
 What are the ways to cope with Negative body
image?
 What study habits are practical for students
struggling in mathematics?
PRACTICAL RESEARCH?
‘’SOLUTIONS’’ focused.
 Directed towards problems
which have practical, ‘’day-to-
day’’ nature.
 Conducted with a specific
goal.
Always produce a CURRENT
use.
QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITAVE
RESEARCH
• Differences
• Similarities
OBJECTIVE/ GOAL
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• ‘’CONFIRM OR TEST’’ a • UNDERSTAND something
hypothesis. (concepts, thoughts,
• Measures problems. experiences).
Quantify behaviors, • ‘’Fact-finding’’’ research used to
attitudes, observations, gain understanding of individual
relationships among differences in terms of feelings
variables. and experiences.
• ‘’KWENTA’’ na may kwento. • ‘’KWENTO’’ na may ‘’KWENTA’’.
WHAT IS A HYPOTHESIS?
•Suggested explanation for an observable
phenomenon, or a reasoned prediction
of a possible causal correlation among
multiple phenomena.

• An educated guess/ scientific guess

3 CHARACTERISTICS OF
HYPOTHESIS
1.Based on: Suggestion, possibility,
projection or prediction, but the result is
uncertain.
2. Can be tested. (true or not; accepted or
rejected).
3. Presented as null and alternate.
VARIABLES IN EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
Hypothesis propose a relationship
between two or more types of variables.
• Independent variable: is something the
researcher changes or controls.
• Dependent variable: is something the
researcher observes and measures.
Research Question ALTERNATE NULL HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS
What effect does Ha: Ho:
daily use of social
media have on the There is a negative There is no
attention span of correlation between relationship
grade 11 STEM time spent on social between social
students? media and attention media use and
span in grade 11 attention span in
STEM students. grade 11 STEM
students.
Research Question ALTERNATE NULL HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS
Is there a Ha: Ho:
correlation There is a There is no
between frequency significant significant
of Facebook difference between difference between
activity and the frequency of the frequency of
narcissistic Facebook activity Facebook activity
tendencies? and narcissistic and narcissistic
tendencies. tendencies.
Research Question ALTERNATE NULL HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS
Does the cardaba Ha: Ho:
banana peel wine There is a There is no
pass the standard significant significant
of a natural wine difference among difference
in terms of: the formulation in among the
a. Color terms of color, formulation in
b. Taste taste, and aroma.
c. Aroma terms of color,
taste and aroma.
 DATA GATHERING/ METHOD:
Instruments
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• Standardized/ structured •
questionnaires.
Freestyle/ freeform
questionnaires.
• CLOSE- ENDED QUESTIONS.
Answered by selecting from a Flexible process.
limited number of options Uses interviews,
o multiple choice paper-pencil tests
o ‘’yes’’ or no’’ that uses OPEN-
o ‘’strongly agree’’ or ‘’strongly ENDED questions.
disagree’’
 DATA GATHERING/ METHOD:
Approach
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• Objective approach • Subjective approach
 Researcher exclude his  Researcher’s and
own thoughts and feelings respondents’ feelings and
about the topic. experiences during
 Real or factual, not the interviews can be quoted
emotional condition or in describing data.
existence of the  Subjective; always
respondents matter.
personally engaged.
 DATA GATHERING/ METHOD:
Sample Size
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• Random sampling: • Purposive sampling:
 “large” sample in  ‘’small’’ sample size,
order to generalize to get an in-depth
results of a population. understanding.
DATA DESCRIPTION
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
• Uses numbers, scales,
• Descriptive in nature. Uses
and statistics in narrations, sentences,
interpreting data. paragraphs, stories, and
• Explains: pictures in explaining
 generalized results from interpretation of data.
large sample size. • Thematic analysis: finding
 raw data are in themes in data gathered.
numbers.
QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITAVE
RESEARCH
REMINDER!
QUIZ NEXT MEETING!