ENV101

Lecture 12

Introduction to Environmental Science

Dr. K. A. Rabbani
Rm. 9012
rabbani@iub.edu.bd
 Assessment and Marks Distribution

Participation : 5%
Class test 1 & 2 : 10%
+10%
Mid Term : 30%
Assignment : 10%
Finals : 35%

TOTAL : 100%

A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D+ D F

90-100 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 0-44
 Recap of last class

What are GHGs? Give three examples of GHG

What is the greenhouse effect?
What is the difference between global warming and
climate change?
What are the four main factors that determine the
climate?
What is the climate classification of Bangladesh?
 Global Warming

Global warming is the term given to a long term

increase in the average global temperature of the
earth’s atmosphere and oceans.

Gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared

energy (IR) are called greenhouse gases (GHG)
 GHG in the atmosphere
Source Carbon dioxide
Electricity production
Methane
Agriculture
Sink
Industry
Forests (Trees)
Transportation
Ocean
Soil
Anthropogenic Wetlands
from human activity
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2017/03/10/the-science-of-carbon-dioxide-and-climate/
https://8billiontrees.com/carbon-offsets-credits/carbon-ecological-footprint-calculators/country/
 Gla
slo cier
riv w m s ar e
Effects of Global warming
er
of
ov
ing
ice

 Temperature fluctuations
 Glaciers melting (Himalayas)
 Polar ice caps melting
 Sea Level rising
 Evidence of Global Warming - Glaciers

1921 2011
https://theworld.org/stories/2011-12-20/himalayan-mountain-glaciers-show-signs-global-warming
Evidence of Global Warming – Polar ice

http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2018/01/
Evidence of Climate Change – Sea Level rise

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-sea-level
 Coastal flooding (জলোচ্ছ্বাস)

 Increased coastal flooding

 Many island countries like Maldives and parts of low-
lying countries like Bangladesh will be underwater
Evidence of temperature change from analyzing
ice cores in the Antarctic

Ice core basics: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Paleoclimatology_IceCores

http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/glaciers-and-climate/ice-cores/ice-core-basics/
Evidence of temperature change from analyzing
ice cores in the Antarctic

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/page4.php
What is the source of energy on earth?

Source: https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/all-about-the-sun/en/
 The Earth does not
keep a constant
distance from the
sun.
https://maths.olympiadsuccess.com/definitions/eccentricity

https://gfycat.com/gifs/search/precession
https://jkaranjau.wordpress.com/2019/01/16/life-cycle-part-4/
Temperature fluctuations are attributed to small variations in Earth’s
orbit.

http://www.universetoday.com/39012/milankovitch-cycle/
Evidence of temperature change from analyzing
ice cores in the Antarctic

Homo sapiens
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/page4.php
So, the temperature of the earth has always gone up and down - why are
we worried now?

Hockey Stick
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page3.php Graph
 Asthe Earth moved out of ice ages, the global temperature
rose a total of maximum 7 °C over about 5,000 years. T en
 = 0.001 °C/yr fas tim
ter e
!
 BUT in the past 100 years, the temperature has climbed 1.1
°C .
 = 0.01 °C/yr

This rate of change is

extremely unusual
What happened in the last 100 years?
What happened in the last 100 years?
SOURCE: Combustion causes
immediate release of carbon dioxide
CARBON CYCLE
to form
SINK: Fossil fuels take a long time
 Models predict that Earth will warm between 2 and 6 degrees
Celsius in the next 100 years. Do
cu ubl
r re e t
nt he
 = 0.02 °C/yr ra t
e

 The predicted rate of warming for the next century is many times
faster than the current rate of warming.
 CLIMATE CHANGE

Weather vs climate (6:24)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHgyOa70Q7Y
 Evidence of climate change

 Weather patterns are erratic – rainfall, wildfire, cyclones,

droughts

 Seasons are changing in different parts of the world

 Biodiversity in habitats are changing

 Animal and insects migration patterns are changing

Increased droughts (খরা) & lack of precipitation
 Syrian Drought (March 2016) "Worst in 900 Years," is
believed to be linked to Human-Induced Climate Change
Drought prone areas of
Bangladesh

May become desert like if the

climate keeps changing
Extreme storms- hurricanes, tornados, cyclones
 Species Extinction বিলুপ্ত
Around 16 % of animals on the list that are either
endangered or critically endangered are threatened
because of climate change.
 Haunting Photos Show Effects Of Climate Change In
Bangladesh- Pictures by Probal Rashid

Around 20 million people are at risk of losing their homes by 2050

because of the effects of climate change.
Coastal Erosion in Bangladesh
Salinity Intrusion & drinking water shortage
Freshwater Supply
Shortage
Forced migration
Climate Refugees
 Questions from this class

what are the sources and sinks of GHG?

What are some evidences of global warming?

What is the difference between global warming and
climate change?
What are some evidences of climate change?