Rocks

Definition:


- are a mixture of different minerals.

Classifications:
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic Rock
 IGNEOUS ROCKS


- formswhen hot, molten rocks originally located beneath Earth’s
surface cool down.
 Types:

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Basis Extrusive Igneous Rocks Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Speed of cooling
Locations where it solidifies or forms
Cooling happens quicker as the lava is Cooling happens slowly because
exposed to factors such as wind and magma is protected by underlying
water. rocks and not exposed to elements
such as wind and water.
It forms when lava solidifies on Earth’s It forms when magma solidifies
surface beneath Earth’s surface.

Also known as … Volcanic rocks Plutonic rocks

Size of mineral grains Minerals grains or crystals may be Minerals grains are large (size range
small (less than 1 Millimeter (mm) or from 1mm to 5 mm).
not visible at all.
Examples Granite, diorite, gabbro, and peridotite Rhyolite, andesite, and basalt
 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

 Form from pieces of preexisting rocks or remnants of organisms that lived many years
ago. Sedimentary rocks start forming when existing rocks are broken down into
sediments.

 Types:
Clastic Sedimentary rocks
Chemical Sedimentary rocks
Biochemical Sedimentary rocks
 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

 Contain grains or fragments of rocks that are bound or cemented together. Some
clastic sedimentary rocks contain sediments with similar sizes.
examples: siltstone, claystone
 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

 Rocks form when minerals previously dissolved in water crystalline due to

evaporation or precipitation.
Examples: rock salts and oolitic limestone
 Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks

 Rocks form from shells, bodies, and other remnants of organisms.

EExamples: limestone and chalk
 Metamorphic Rocks

 Are the only type of rocks that form from previous rock types. Metamorphism is involved in the formation of this
rock type. In this process, rocks are subjected to extreme heat and pressure, which causes changes in the rocks’
mineral composition and texture.

 Types:
 Contact Metamorphism
 Regional Metamorphism
 Basis Contact Metamorphism Regional Metamorphism

How it occurs It happens when rocks is in direct It happens when rocks is exposed to
contact with hot molten rock heat and pressure caused by
movement of tectonic plates

Where it occurs It occurs in a smaller area It occurs in a larger area

Amount of pressure Little to no pressure is exerted on the Extreme amount of pressure is exerted
rock on the rock
Basis Contact Regional
metamorphism Metamorphism
How it occurs It happens when a rock is in direct It happens when a rock is exposed to
contact with a hot molten rock. heat and pressure caused by movement
of tectonic plate

When it occurs It occurs in a smaller area It occurs in a larger area

Amount of pressure Little to no pressure is exerted on the Extreme amount or pressure is exerted
rock on the rock
 Activity:
 Identify the type of rocks being describe as igneous, sedimentary or
metamorphic.

 1. It formed from fragments of preexisting rocks.

 2. It is a type of rock that formed from magma or lava.
 3. It is formed due to exposure of preexisting rock to heat and pressure.
 4. This forms when hot, molten rock originally located beneath the Earth’s
surface cools down.
 5. This type of rock forms when dissolved minerals in water crystallize due to
evaporation or precipitation.