PERSONALITY

CHPT 7
Nature of personality
• Personality refers to a set of traits and behaviors that characterize an
individual.

Elements of personality;
• Internal and external elements
• An individual’s personality is relatively stable
• Personality is both; inherited and shaped
• Each individual is unique in behaviour
The shaping of personality
• How personality is developed from its infant stage to grown0up stage,
is described by four psychologists and their theories.

• Freudian stages
• Erickson’s stages
• Jean Piaget’s stages
• Chris Argyris
Freudian Stages
• Sigmund Freud, psychologist. First one to create meaningful theory.

• Stages:
1. The oral stage (0-1 year)
2. The anal stage (1-3 years)
3. The phallic stage (3-4 years)
4. The latency stage (4-6 to adolescences)
5. The genital stage (Adolescences to adulthood)
Erickson’s Stages/ Neo-Freudian Stage
Jean Piaget’s theory/ Cognitive stages
Chris Argyris/ Immaturity to Maturity
Determinants of personality
• Heredity
• Environment
• Contribution from the family
• Socialization process
• Situational considerations
Personality structure
Big 5 personality
 …contd.
Myers-Briggs Indicator

ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ

ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
OB related traits
• Authoritarianism
• Locus of control
• Machiavellianism
• Introversion-Extroversion
• Achievement orientation
• Self-esteem
• Risk-taking
• Self-monitoring
• Type A & Type B personality
Personality and OB
• Understanding personalities is important because personality impacts
behaviour, as well as perception and attitudes. Personality types also
affect human relations and retaliation. People with similar personality
types get along ell at work, while opposites do not, though there are
exceptions.
• Personality profiles are used to categories people as a means of
predicting job performance. (For e.g., Big 5 personality traits)