Lesson №8:

Public health service

abroad
 New vocabulary
word transcription translation
authority [əˈθɒrəti] керівний орган
cancer [ˈkænsər] рак
National Health Service [ˈnæʃənl hɛlθ ˈsɜːrvɪs] державна служба охорони здоров’я
chemist's [ˈkɛmɪsts] аптека
pharmacy [ˈfɑːrməsi] аптека
expect [ɪkˈspɛkt] чекати
expectancy [ɪkˈspɛktənsi] очікування, сподівання, погляди на
майбутнє
 New vocabulary
word transcription translation
practitioner [prækˈtɪʃənər] практикуючий лікар
homeopathy [ˌhoʊmiˈɒpəθi] гомеопатія
acupuncture [ˈækjʊˌpʌŋktʃər] акупунктура, голкотерапія
diet [daɪət] харчування, їжа
raise [reɪz] підвищувати
average [ˈævərɪdʒ] середній, пересічний
deal with [diːl wɪð] мати справу з
suffer from [ˈsʌfər frɒm] страждати від
 Reading
NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
In the UK today people are putting time, money, and energy into keeping well. Health care is
important.
If you are ill in the UK, you go to see your General Practitioner (GP), or family doctor. There are
36,000 GPs in UK. Each GP has nearly 2,000 patients. If you need medicine, your GP will write a
prescription for you to take to a chemist's or pharmacy. You don't have to pay to see doctor, but you will
probably have to pay part of the cost of your medicine, unless you belong to one of the groups of people
who get their medicine free, for example, you are a student, or over 60, or expecting a baby.
If you need to see a specialist doctor, or have medical tests or an operation, your doctor will send
you to a hospital. In Britain most doctors and hospitals are the part of the National Health Service (NHS).
All NHS hospital treatment and operations are free. In fact, the NHS provides free medical care for
everyone in Britain from very young to the very old.
 Reading
When the NHS started in 1948, it provided free visits to doctors and dentists; free treatment, free
prescriptions, free eye tests and free glasses. But today many people have to pay for prescriptions, for eye
tests and glasses, and for dentists.
Nearly a million people work in the NHS in Britain, and it costs almost £40 billion a year. There
are still problems. People sometimes must wait a long time before they can see a specialist or have an
operation. Because of this, many people see private doctors and use other kinds of treatment, or
alternative medicine, like homeopathy and acupuncture. There are more alternative medical practitioners
in Britain than NHS doctors.
New medicines and better diet have raised life expectancy. On average British men live to the age
of 74, British women to 79. Many people live longer than that.
More British people die of heart disease and cancer than from any other cause. The government
and health authorities in Britain are trying very hard, and in many different ways, to deal with this
problem. Research suggests that people are much less likely to suffer from heart disease if they eat five
portions of fruit and /or vegetables every day.
 Grammar
Main Idea:
The Present Perfect focuses on actions or states that started in the past and have a present
relevance.

Key Features:
Formation: "have/has" + past participle

Time Focus: Unfinished timeframes (today, this week, this month, etc.) or unspecified past with
continued relevance

Main Functions:
Unfinished actions/states: I've lived here for 5 years (still living here).

Repeated actions: I've seen that movie twice.

Recent past with result: I've just eaten, so I'm not hungry.

Experiences: I've never been to Paris.

Uncertain past: He's lost his keys (time unspecified).

 Grammar

Key Concepts:
Focus on result: Often, the present perfect emphasizes the current impact of a past action, not just
the action itself.

Indefinite vs. definite time: In some cases, the time of the action is unspecified ("I've seen that
movie"), while in others, it's connected to an ongoing timeframe ("I've worked here for a year").

Completed vs. incomplete actions: Not all present perfect situations describe finished actions.
Some actions can be ongoing ("I've been waiting for her for an hour").

Comparison with Past Simple:

Use the Present Perfect when the action relates to the present in some way (duration, result,
relevance).

Use the Past Simple for completely finished actions in the past, with no present connection.
 Grammar

Complete the sentences with the past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1 ……Did…… you ……eat…… (eat) at home yesterday?

2 I ………………………………… (not try) Cantonese food yet.

3 Joe ………………………………… (live on) junk food when he was a teenager.

4 Since I woke up, I ………………………………… (not eat) anything.

5 ……………… you ………………………………… (always / be) a vegetarian?

6 They ………………………………… (wash) the carrots before they cooked them.

 Grammar

Are the words in bold in the correct place? Tick (✔) the correct sentences. Correct the
incorrect sentences.

1 Have you had lunch yet? ✔

2 I haven’t still been to that new café. ……

3 I’ve already had pasta today. ……

4 We’ve just taken our final exams. ……

5 The waiter hasn’t brought yet dessert. ……

6 I just have eaten so I’m not hungry, thanks. ……

 Grammar
Tom is organising a party. Write sentences with already and yet for the things in the list he has (✔) and hasn’t
done (✗).

invite guests ✔

bake a cake ✔

put up decorations ✗

buy snacks ✔

make a playlist of songs ✗

decorate the cake ✗

1 ……He’s already invited the guests. ……

2 ………………………………………………

3 ………………………………………………

4 ………………………………………………

5 ………………………………………………

6 ………………………………………………
 Grammar
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. Change the verbs to the present simple or present
perfect.

1 wake / I / up / just / have

……I have just woken up. ……

2 New York / to / yet / not go / I

……………………………………….

3 not read / I / any / books / still / Harry Potter

……………………………………….

4 to / yesterday / I / go / school

……………………………………….

5 outside / go / already / I / today

……………………………………….

6 volleyball / afternoon / yesterday / play / I

……………………………………….
 Vocabulary
Complete the following sentences with the most appropriate vocabulary word from the list.

• The __________, or NHS, provides free healthcare to all UK residents.

• authority (2) • You can usually pick up prescriptions at your local __________. This could be a dedicated
• cancer pharmacy or a __________.
• Early detection and treatment can significantly improve life ________ for certain types of
• National Health Service
__________.
• chemist's
• Don't ________ too much from your first doctor's appointment; they'll likely need to run
• pharmacy
further tests.
• expect • The World Health Organization is a respected international ________ on global health issues.
• expectancy • Some medications may come with side effects, but your doctor can help you ________ them.
• If you suspect you have a serious illness, it's best to consult a medical __________.
 Speaking

Answer these questions in full sentences:

1. What kind of practitioner uses acupuncture?

2. If you suffer from a headache, what is an average way to deal with it?

3. Can acupuncture raise your energy levels?

4. Why is it important to have a healthy diet?

5. What are some common health problems that people deal with on a daily basis?

6. Do you think alternative medicine like homoeopathy is as effective as traditional medicine? Why or
why not?

7. Can changing your diet help you raise your mood?

8. What are some other ways to deal with stress apart from acupuncture?

9. Would you trust a homoeopathy practitioner to treat a serious illness?

 Thanks
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