Lesson №7:

Public health service in

Ukraine
 New vocabulary
word transcription translation
prominent [ˈprɒmɪnənt] видатний
describe [dɪˈskraɪb] описувати, характеризувати
texture [ˈtɛkstʃər] тканина
improve [ɪmˈpruːv] поліпшувати(ся); удосконалювати
receive [rɪˈsiːv] отримувати
degree [dɪˈɡriː] звання, вчений ступінь
author [ˈɔːθər] автор
research [rɪˈsɜːrtʃ] наукове дослідження
nourishment [ˈnʌrɪʃmənt] годування, харчування; підтримка
gain [ɡeɪn] отримувати
 New vocabulary
word transcription translation
cavity [ˈkævɪti] порожнина
favourable conditions [ˈfeɪvərəbl kənˈdɪʃənz] сприятливі умови
create [krɪˈeɪt] створювати
supervision [ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒən] керівництво
abdominal diseases [æbˈdɒmɪnl dɪˈziːzɪz] шлунково-кишкові захворювання
sliding palpation [ˈslaɪdɪŋ pælˈpeɪʃən] ковзна пальпація
win recognition [wɪn ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən] отримати визнання
huge [hjuːdʒ] великий, величезний
plague [pleɪɡ] чума
invention [ɪnˈvɛnʃən] винахід
 Vocabulary
Exercise: Match the words to their definitions.

Words: • To give a spoken or written account of something.

prominent • The way something feels when touched.
describe • To make something better or more advanced.
texture • The condition of being well-known or important.
improve • The act of providing food or sustenance.
receive • The person who wrote a book, article, or other piece of writing.
degree • A systematic investigation into a subject in order to discover new facts or
author information.
research • A title or rank given to someone who has completed a course of study or
nourishment achieved a certain level of expertise.
• To get something as a gift or payment.
 Vocabulary
Exercise: Match the words to their definitions.

Words: • The doctor used a _________ to examine the patient's abdomen.

• The discovery of antibiotics was a _________ that helped to cure many diseases.
cavity
• The _________ of the plague was a devastating event that killed millions of people.
favourable conditions
• The patient was diagnosed with _________, which are diseases that affect the stomach and
create intestines.

supervision • The artist's _________ of a new painting was met with critical acclaim.
• The invention of the stethoscope allowed doctors to listen to the patient's heart and lungs
abdominal diseases
without having to touch them.
sliding palpation • The patient's _________ of the disease was made possible by the early detection of symptoms.
win recognition • The factory provided its workers with _________ to ensure that they were working in a safe

huge environment.
• The cave was a large, _________ _________ that was perfect for hiding.
plague
invention
 Grammar
Past Simple
Use:
To describe completed actions in the past.

To talk about past habits or routines.

To state facts or general truths about the past.

Formation:
Regular verbs: Add -ed to the base form (e.g., walked, played, studied).

Irregular verbs: Have different past forms (e.g., went, ate, saw).

Examples:
"I visited my grandparents last weekend."

"He didn't go to school yesterday."

"We always played football after school when we were kids."

 Grammar
Past Continuous
Use:
To describe actions that were in progress at a specific time in the past.

To emphasize the duration of an action in the past.

To set the scene or background for a story.

Formation:
"was/were" + present participle (verb + -ing)

Examples:
"I was watching TV when the phone rang."

"She was studying all night for her exam."

"They were eating dinner when the storm started."

 Grammar
Key Differences:
Past Simple focuses on completed actions or past states.

Past Continuous focuses on actions that were ongoing at a specific time in the past.

Common Uses Together:

To show an interruption:

"I was reading a book when the doorbell rang."

To show a background action:

"The sun was setting as we walked along the beach."

Additional Notes:

Some verbs, like "think," "feel," and "want," can be used in both the Past Simple and Past Continuous forms, often
with a subtle difference in meaning.

The Past Continuous can also be used to express a polite request, such as "I was wondering if you could help me."
 Grammar

Choose the correct tense to complete the sentences.

1 Jake looked at the weather outside: it was grey, but it didn’t rain / wasn’t raining.

2 You didn’t answer when I phoned you this morning. What did you do / were you doing?

3 Lucy switched off her computer, put on / was putting on her coat and left / was leaving the office.

4 She closed the window because some children made / were making a lot of noise outside.

5 When I told my friends about the robbery, they didn’t believe / weren’t believing me.

6 She didn’t hear the doorbell because she had / was having a shower.
 Grammar
Complete the sentences. Use the past simple form of one verb and the past continuous form
of the other.

1 I ………………………… (see) Henry as I ………………………… (cycle) to the sports

centre.

2 While we ………………………… (prepare) the picnic, it ………………………… (start) to

rain.

3 All my friends ………………………… (leave) the party when I …………………………

(arrive).

4 As we ………………………… (walk) by the river, we ………………………… (hear) a

shout.

5 We ………………………… (not eat) very much while we ………………………… (stay) in

that hotel.

6 I ………………………… (drink) my dad’s coffee while he ………………………… (not

look).

7 She ………………………… (drop) her new phone as she ………………………… (put) it in

her pocket.

8 I ………………………… (meet) a really interesting person while I …………………………

(wait) for the bus.
 Grammar

Complete the text with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

In January 2014, a doctor from New Zealand 1 had (have) a frightening experience with a shark –
but his calm reaction 2……………………….. (make) him the star of news reports around the world.

James Grant 3……………………….. (fish) with friends one Saturday when a shark attacked him.
He 4……………………….. (not see) anything, but he 5……………………….. (felt) a sudden pain in
his leg. At first, he thought that his friends 6……………………….. (play) a prank on him. He
7……………………….. (turn) around – but nobody 8……………………….. (be) behind him. Then he
9……………………….. (realise) what 10……………………….. (happen).

Luckily, James 11……………………….. (carry) a knife so he 12……………………….. (use) it

to fight off the shark. Then he 13……………………….. (get) out of the water and
14……………………….. (look) at his leg. The bites were 5 cm long and they 15………………………..
(bleed) a lot. James 16……………………….. (clean) his leg. Then he and his friends
17……………………….. (go) to a nearby café! While they 18……………………….. (enjoy) a drink,
somebody 19……………………….. (give) James a bandage because his leg 20………………………..
(bleed). He 21……………………….. (go) to hospital for some treatment, but on Monday he was back at
work.
 Reading
The main principle of our Health Service is to prevent diseases, to strengthen the health of the
people, and to increase their longevity.
The Health Network of Ukraine comprises a great number of hospitals, polyclinics, out-patient
departments, and research institutes.
There are some kinds of hospitals. The most familiar is general hospital where patients of all ages
with all kinds of illness and medical conditions are treated. Patients usually have acute
problems and stay for only a short term. Other hospitals provide more specialized care. Some
hospitals treat patients with chronic diseases, such as tuberculosis, or patients of one age group, like
children.
Despite their growth in numbers, hospitals cannot provide services for all medical needs or
patients. That is why in Ukraine there are a lot of polyclinics. As a rule patients visit them only as their
needs arise.
In Ukraine there are large centers of cardiology, surgery, oncology, ophthalmology, and the First
Aid Stations where many people are examined and treated.
 Reading
We have different sanatoria and rest homes where a lot of our people rest and take the course of
treatment. Much attention is paid to the health protection of mother and child. There are prenatal clinics
and departments for pregnant women, and clinics for new mothers and their babies.
Mothers are given maternity leaves and paid leaves until the baby is three years old. The mother's
job is reserved during the definite period.
In Ukraine there are mental clinics for those who need periodic psychiatric attention. Most
hospitals are financed by the government of our country. Some clinics are private.
As for the medical personnel much attention is paid to the training of therapeutists,
surgeons, gynecologists, obstetricians, nurses, stomatologists, pharmacists and other specialists, as
they must take care about the health of the people.
 Speaking

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the main principle of our Health Service?

2. What does the Health Network of Ukraine comprise?

3. What kinds of medical establishments do you know?

4. Can the hospitals provide services for all medical needs?

5. Is much attention paid to the health protection of mother and child in our country?

6. What are the mothers given and paid until the baby is three years old?

7. Why is much attention paid to the training of medical personnel in Ukraine?

 Thanks
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