INTRODUCTION

TO
LED

Anubhav Sharma
INTRODUCTION
TO LED

1. HISTORY

2. TYPES OF LED

3. COMPARISION
INTRODUCTION
• Definition:
• You might add a brief note on how LEDs differ from traditional incandescent and
fluorescent lighting in terms of the physical mechanism of light generation.
• Importance:
• Consider providing a statistic or two illustrating the energy efficiency of LEDs, such as
the percentage reduction in energy use compared to incandescent bulbs.
 HISTORY OF LEDs
• Discovery:
• Adding a visual timeline could help audiences visualize the
chronological development of LEDs.
• Development:
• Mention the improvements in materials that led to more
efficient LEDs, highlighting contributions from different
researchers.
• Evolution:
• You might note the Nobel Prize in Physics awarded in 2014 to
the inventors of blue LEDs, underlining its significance.
 TYPES OF LEDs

• Miniature LEDs:
• Perhaps show examples of everyday devices that people might not realize use miniature
LEDs.
• High-Power LEDs:
• A comparison image showing the brightness of high-power LEDs versus traditional bulbs
could be impactful.
• Organic LEDs (OLEDs) and Quantum Dot LEDs (QLEDs):
• Including side-by-side image comparisons of displays using OLED and QLED technology
could visually highlight the differences in colour and brightness.
Comparison of LEDs with Other Light Source
• Against Incandescent Bulbs:
• "Compared to traditional incandescent bulbs, LEDs are
like the energy-saving heroes of lighting, using a fraction of
the power and lasting much longer."
• Against Fluorescent Lights:
• "Unlike fluorescent lamps, LEDs don't contain mercury,
making them safer and more environmentally friendly. Plus,
they offer a higher quality of light—no flickering or
buzzing."
• Visuals:
• "Let's look at some charts and graphs that show just how
energy-efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable LEDs are
compared to other light sources."
 By-Amit Rout
Roll No. 09711502723

CONSTRUCTION AND
WORKING OF LED
 CONSTRUCTION OF LED

• • Active region is the recombination region where

light is generated.
• • LED emits light in all directions.
• • Small reflective cap is placed.
• • The construction of an LED involves using a P-
type semiconductor material placed above an N-
type semiconductor layer, with a metal film used
on the P-type layer for anode connection and a
gold-film on the N-type layer for cathode
connection.
 WORKING OF LED

• LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) operate based on a process

called electroluminescence.

• Inside an LED, there are two types of semiconductor

materials: one with an excess of electrons (N-type) and the
other with an excess of electron deficiencies or “holes” (P-
type).

• When a voltage is applied across the LED, electrons from

the N-type material move across the junction to fill the holes
in the P-type material.
• As electrons fill the holes, they release energy in the form of
photons, which are packets of light. The colour of the light
emitted depends on the energy band gap of the semiconductor
materials

• Since LEDs are made from solid-state materials, they are more
efficient and durable compared to traditional light sources like
incandescent bulbs. They also don’t have a filament that can burn
out, making them longer-lasting.

• Additionally, LEDs can be designed to emit specific colours by

controlling the composition of the semiconductor materials,
making them versatile for various applications such as lighting,
displays, and indicators.
APPLICATIONS

• Sensor Applications
• Mobile applications
• Sign Applications
• LED Signals
• Illuminations
• Indicators
SENSOR APPLICATIONS

• Medical Instrumentation
• Bar code readers
• Color and money Sensors
• Encoders
• Optical Switches
• Fibre optic Communication
 Bar Code Scanner

Optical Switches
Encoders
MOBILE APPLICATIONS

• Mobile Phone
• PDA’s
• Digital Cameras
• Laptops
• General Backlighting
SIGN APPLICATIONS

• Full Colour Video

• Monochrome Message Boards
• Traffic/VMS
• Transportation- Passenger Information
SIGNAL APPLICATIONS

• Traffic
• Rail
• Aviation
• Towerlights
• Emergency/Police vehicle Lighting
ILLUMINATIONS

• Architectural Lighting
• Signage(Channel Letter)
• Mechine vision
• Retail Display
• Neon Replacements
• Bulb Replacements
• Flashlights
• Outdoor Ascent Lighting- Pathway, Marker lights
INDICATION

• Household Appliances
• VCR/DVD/ Stereo and other audio and video devices
• Toys/Games
• Security Equipments
• Switches
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF LED
By : Kartikey
Roll no. :
08811502723
ADVANTAGES :
- LONG LIFESPAN

An LED light bulb has the longest lifespan of all the bulb options. Some tests show that an LED bulb
will last at least 50,000 hours. Comparatively, an incandescent light bulb is known to last up to 2,000
hours..

ENERGY-EFFICIENT

In addition to having a long lifespan, the LED bulb is energy-efficient, too. This is another reason it is
an investment. Studies show that an LED bulb is 80% more energy-efficient than an incandescent
bulb. They are also more efficient than their CFL counterparts.
 PRODUCE LESS HEAT
A nice feature that LED bulbs offer is that they are 80% light
and only 20% heat. Halogens, on the other hand, get so hot
when they are on that they will burn your hand if you try to
pick them up or touch them . LEDs emit light by using an
electrical current to create a bond between positive and
negative charges. This process is called electroluminescence.
This is much more efficient, as nearly 100% of the emitted
energy from an LED source is useable visible light.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
The LED bulb is very environmentally friendly. For starters, it does not contain mercury. CFL lights,
on the other hand, do. Since the LED bulb is energy-efficient, this makes it even friendlier for the
environment.
DISADVANTAGES
:-
AN UPFRONT INVESTMENT IS REQUIRED
An LED bulb follows the same logic. Since it has a longer lifespan, you will be paying more upfront
because it is an investment. A less expensive bulb is great in an emergency situation. If you do not
want to replace bulbs soon, however, you are encouraged to go for the investment.

NOT GREAT FOR DIMMERS

Lighting effects can be created through the use of dimmers.
Unfortunately, LED bulbs are not compatible with dimmers. If you
would like the convenience of a dimmer, you will have to find the switch
that is specifically compatible with LED bulbs . Some LED driver
manufacturers use a combination of PWM and AM to achieve an optimal
performance.
 THEY CAN FAIL UNDER HEAT

LED bulbs can overheat if they are exposed to heat, so the best way to ensure they work well is to keep
them protected with a lampshade or sconce.

BUILT-IN DESIGN
The LEDs are built into the lighting fixture and any defects or issues that may arise in the future may
result in the need to replace the complete lighting fixture or costly repairs such as the replacement of
the driver(s). This will not only be inconvenient but may also be costly.
Conclusion
LEDs have been around for a few years now and they are here to stay. As a more
environmentally sustainable solution than traditional lighting, LEDs are far superior to
incandescent or fluorescent lighting and they should be considered in every home. Their
superior efficiency, light quality, longevity and versatility make them a better candidate
in today’s society than the more traditional light sources. If you have not yet considered
switching your home to LED lighting we highly advise that you do so . The Cons will get
lessor and lessor as the technology get advance with the flow of time. So , start enjoying
the benefits presented by this technology.
THE FUTURE OF LED LIGHTING:
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND
TRENDS

(LED) LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES, HAVE NOT JUST ILLUMINATED SPACES BUT

HAVE ALSO TRANSFORMED THE WAY WE PERCEIVE AND USE LIGHT. AS WE
LOOK INTO THE FUTURE, THE WORLD OF LED LIGHTING IS ON THE BRINK OF
EVEN MORE EXCITING ADVANCEMENTS.
MODIFICATIONS OF LED , AS FROM DISCOVERED
• In the UAE, this transformation is being led by pioneering companies like KHIND Solutions, a
hub of innovative technologies that includes a wide variety of macro lights and high-quality
LED lamps.
• Driven lights are energy-effective, dependable, and harmless to the ecosystem.
• They have redefined the concept of lighting, making it not just a utility but a statement of
efficiency and elegance.
• The future of LED (Light Emitting Diode) technology holds exciting possibilities, driven by
ongoing research and development efforts aimed at enhancing efficiency, lifespan, color
accuracy, and versatility.
HERE ARE SOME POTENTIAL INNOVATIONS IN LED
TECHNOLOGY:

• Increased Efficiency
• Higher Luminous Efficiency
• Tunable Color Temperatures
• Improved Color Rendering Index (CRI)
• Smart Lighting Solutions
• Flexible and Organic LEDs (OLEDs)
• Advanced Thermal Management
• Sustainable Material and Manufacturing
• Luminous Efficiency
• Color Rendering Index (CRI)
EXAMPLES OF FLEXIBLE AND ORGANIC LEDS (OLEDS)
CHOOSING THE RIGHT LED LIGHTING: A DECISION FOR TODAY AND
TOMORROW

• Selecting the right LED lighting solution is not just about the present; it’s an investment in the future.
With KHIND Solutions as your partner, you are not only choosing high-quality LED lamps but also
embracing the latest technologies that are set to define the future of illumination. Smart, efficient, and
elegant, their products illuminate spaces while also contributing to energy conservation and
sustainability efforts.
• The future of LED lighting is bright, quite literally. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect
even more innovative solutions from LED lighting suppliers in UAE like KHIND Solutions. By
embracing these emerging technologies and trends, we are not just illuminating spaces; we are
lighting the way to a more sustainable and connected future.