TOPIC 4.

INSTRUCTIONAL
SYSTEM AND
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1.Examine the history of Instructional design or
system
2.Construct an instructional objective
3.List down and discuss disadvantages of
Instructional System
Instructional System or design is the systematic planning of instruction
including needs assessment, and evaluation of materials and practices
History of Instructional System
• The Origins: World War II – Psychologists and educators were called to
develop training materials for the military services.
• Early Development: The programmed Instruction Movement mid -1950’s-
Skinner (1958) introduced ideas on increasing human learning and the
characteristics of effective instructional materials called programmed
instructional materials. Present instruction in small steps, require active
responses to frequent questions, immediate feedback.
• 1970s-Leslie Briggs demonstrated that an instructionally designed course can
produce up to 2:1 increase over conventionally designed class in terms of
achievement reduction in variance and reduction time, save in salary cost.
• 1980: increased use of microcomputer has a major effect on
computer-based instruction, drill and practice.
• 1990s, constructivism, problem solving and collaboration social-
cultural issues.
• Just a decade ago, teacher used chalkboards, then progressed to
whiteboards and now they are using smart boards, are advanced
boards which allow teachers to teach and share information with
students in different ways. Computers audio visual capabilities from
power presentations and other animation software are used to
present information is an effective manner which invites greater
interest from the students.
• Use of projectors, screens and addressing systems (speakers and
microphones) allow teachers to teach a large number of students.
Teacher should be aware of
1.The use of computer
2.Use of projector
3.Trained in language laboratory
4.Selection of Technology
ADDIE MODEL- Systematic instructional model composed of the following
5.Analysis-Define students’ need and interests.
6.Design – Plan a strategy for accomplishing the goals, used by the
teachers.
7. Develop- Teacher use appropriate experience to build course structure
according to the students’ need.
8.Implement- Actual mode of instruction which all the plans are being
utilized.
9.Evaluate- Examining outcome.
Objective of Instructional System
• An instructional objective is a
collection of words and/or pictures
diagrams intended to let others know
what intended for your students to
achieve (Robert F. Mager). The main
objective of instructional system is
to help students in learning and
teaching in a better way.
Advantages of Using Technology on the Classroom
For Students
1.Prepares students for the Future Increases
2.Student engagement and motivation
3.Provides current information and wider access
4.Supports collaboration skills
For Teachers
5.Improves instructional delivery
6.Support differentiated instruction
7. Supports Universal Design for Learning Practices.
Disadvantages of Instructional System
1.Laziness in Learning- Instructional Technology creates lazy attitude in the
learner to adopt L2. It provides the learner readymade material which
gets him or her away of natural method of learning.
2.Expensive Way of Learning- The methodology takes a lot of money.
Although it is an easy way to access the main ideas or information but not
everyone can afford it.
3.Time Cost- Instructional System needs enough time of its implementation
in the L2 learning with the help of different sorts of multimedia devices
like projectors and power point presentations etc. Sometimes due to
connection or downloading and electricity issues, teacher has failed to
deliver and implement the lessons in the class room.
4.Lack of Support- No doubt, instructional technology can be a better
addition in language learning class room. But it can also be a frustration
of both teacher and learner due to their unawareness about technology.
How to use it?
Techniques Used In Instructional System
1.Audio Techniques- recorded material is used in this process which can be
repeated as many times as it will be needed. Lectures, speeches etc. can
be played for learners according to their needs of language learning.
2.Visual Techniques – pictures , situations etc. can be shown to the
learners on projectors , computer screen and explain that for them or
might they ask to share their information, ideas or knowledge with others
after watching the picture or situation.
3.Role Play- a demonstration of some thing about language learning, it
might be a dialogue can be conducted for the learners in which they can
observe the live situation of the usage of their target language.
• Contextualize your learning! Summarize the history of
Instructional Technology in a Flow chart.

You are a teacher in a certain school. You reached

the chapter two of your book and it was all about
technology tools. Your students are incapable of
finishing the assessment activities not just because
they lack the knowledge on technology but also
because they do not have any technology tools.
What will you do?
 TOPIC 5. TECHNOLOGY TOOLS

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1.Discuss a paperless classroom as it uses technology tools
2.Enumerate various technology tools
3.Discover the procedure or steps on using technology
tools
Why Go Paperless?
• Save paper, money and time
• More efficient
• Organization materials better
• Creating better learning environment
• Mobile learning
• Online teaching and learning
• Save space (less file cabinets and shelves)
• Save time in line for making copies
What is a PAPERLESS CLASSROOM
• What is it exactly? What tools do we need? What equipment do I need?
Time and expense Management?
A. Email- E-mailing announcement and assignments.
B. Google Drive- Documents, Presentations, Spreadsheet, Forms. All
documents can be embedded or linked to blackboard.
C. Drop Box- Drop box.com
D. Evernote- tool to capture notes, organize lesson plans and collaborate on
projects, snap photos, etc. Automatically synced and made available on all
computers, phones and tablets you use at home or at school.
E. Quizlet- For quizzes and matching games
F. Presentation Tools/Projects- Voice thread, glogster (online poster), prezi,
flip books, slideshare
G. Tools to Make Video Lessons- Photo Story 3, Youtube,, Window Movie
Maker, brainshark, screenr,a nimoto.
H. IVC Mediasite – turn power point lessons into instructional videos.
I. Projector Screen/ Extra Monitor
J. Scanner- Scan documents, photos, notes and receipts
K. PDF
L. Google App- Gmail-google + works like face book
M. QR Code generator
N. Notability App- converts word to PDF format
• Activity: Discuss a paperless classroom using a concept
map.