ECOLOGY OF PUBLIC

ADMINIDTRATION
GROUP 5
A PRESENTATION BY
MITCHELL M. CAM
REAH AMOR MAJAN
MERYL J. MANIGOS
 IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING ECOLOGY

•
 TYPES OF ECOLOGY

1. ORGANISM ECOLOGY
 FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT CONSTRAINTS

1. EDUCATIONAL CONSTRAINT
ACCORDING TO ARSENIO P. TALINGDAN, THE TECHNICAL SKILLS IMPLIES
AN UNDERSTANDING OF PROFICIENCY IN A SPECIFIC KIND OF ACTIVITY,
PARTICULARLY THOSE INVOLVING METHODS, APPROACHES, PROCESSES OR
TECHNIQUES DEALING WITH EDUCATION AS AN EXTERNAL CONSTRAINT. HE
SUGGESTS THAT THE CONCEPTUAL SKILL OF AN OF AN ADMINISTRATOR SHOULD
BE DEVELOPED. IT INVOLVES THE ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE AND INTEGRATE THE
INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF ANY VARIOUS FACTORS IN THE ORGANIZATION.
 FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT CONSTRAINTS

2. LEGAL-POLITICAL CONSTRAINT
AS ALBERT K. WICKESBERG SAYS:…THE TASK AND DUTIES REQUIRED OF THE FIRM
IF IS TO SURVIVE AND REMAIN SUCCESSFUL ARE CONTINUALLY IN FLUX IN RESPONSE TO
THE CHANGING NEEDS AND OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, THE INTEREST AND
PERSONALITIES WITHIN THE FIRM, AND THE GOALS AS THESE ARE FORMULATED AND
REFORMULATED FOR THE FIRM. THE RESULTS IS AN EVER-CHANGING, CONTINUALLY
ADJUSTING SET OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS. THUS, WICKESBERG, CONCLUDES:
EXTERNAL AS WELL AS INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THUS PLAY A ROLE IN
DETERMINING THE NATURE, EXTENT, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL’S ACTUAL
AUTHORITY.
 FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT CONSTRAINTS

3. SOCIO-CULTURAL CONSTRAINT
R.N. FARMER AND B.M RICHMAN IDENTIFY A LARGE NUMBER OF FACTORS THAT PRONOUNCED THE
BEHAVIOR. THESE FACTORS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
(A) THE GENERAL ATTITUDE OF THE SOCIETY TOWARDS MANAGERS
(B) THE DOMINANT VIEWS OF AUTHORITY AND SUBORDINATES
(C) THE EXTENT TO WHICH COOPERATION BETWEEN VARIOUS GROUP IS A WAY OF LIFE
(D) THE VIEW OF ACHIEVEMENT
(E) THE EXTENT OF INFLEXIBLE CLASS STRUCTURE AND INDIVIDUAL CLASS STRUCTURE AND INDIVIDUAL
MOBILITY
(F) THE VIEW OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
(G) THE VIEW OF RISK
 THE ECOLOGY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- ECOLOGY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION WAS PRIMARILY INTRODUCED BY PROFESSOR
JOHN M. GAUS, ONE OF THE EARLY PIONEERS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. IN HIS
INTRODUCED CONCEPTS, HE EMPHASIZED THAT THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
INCLUDING ITS DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS ITS ACTIVITIES WERE INFLUENCED BY ITS
SETTING OR ECOLOGY.
- ACCORDING TO GAUS, THE PLANS, PROGRAMS, POLICIES, AND DESIGN OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION IS INFLUENCED BY FACTORS CONCERNING THE PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT OR ECOLOGY, AND THAT ANY STRUCTURE AND LIVING THING EXISTING
IN A GIVEN AREA HAS AN INTERRELATIONSHIP WITH THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT.
- ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION INCUDES ELEMENTS OF THE
ENVIRONMENT – THE PLACE, THE INDIVIDUALS, THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL
TECHNOLOGY AS WELL AS THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THESE ELEMENTS.
 TWO BASIC ISSUES OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
1. POLICY ISSUES – INVOLVE THE CORE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS. THE RANGE OF POLICY
ISSUES THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR HAS TO DEAL WITH INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING:
(A) WELFARE POLICY – LIKE REGULATION AND CONTROL OF URBAN SPRAWL, SLUM
CLEARANCE, PUBLIC HOUSING, CONTROL OF CRIMES, TRANSPORT, EDUCATION, REVENUE SOURCING,
SOCIAL INSURANCE, HEALTH POLICY AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE.
(B) ECONOMIC ISSUES – LIKE TAX SOURCES, CREDIT CONTROL, STOCK MARKET OPERATION
AND REGULATION, ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT, ENCOURAGEMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS, DEBT
BURDEN AND LOAN PAYMENT.
(C) LABOR POLICY – WHICH INCLUDES REGULATION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE WORKERS
RIGHT TO ORGANIZE AND STAGE STRIKE; GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE FORMULATION
OF LABOR MOVEMENTS, AND THE IMPACT OF LABOR GROUP PRESSURE UPON POLICY AND
ADMINISTRATION.
(D) RESOURCE POLICY – WHICH HAVE TO DO WITH SUCH CONCERNS LIKE SHRINKING FARM
POPULATION, PRICE CONTROL OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, FORM AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANCE
AND SUBSIDIES, COOPERATIVE MOVEMENTS, LAND USE OF PLANNING, NATURAL RESOURCE
 TWO BASIC ISSUES OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
2. ORGANIZATION ISSUES
(A) PLANNING OF POLICIES AND PROGRAMS – WITH THE USE OF PLANS, THE
CONSCIOUSNESS OF THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING DECISIONS MAY BE MODIFIED AND
NECESSARY CHANGES IDENTIFIED AND IMPLEMENTED
(B) CENTRALIZATION ARGUES
(C) LATERAL AND HORIZONTAL ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROGRAMS
(D) LACK OF COORDINATION
( E) DECISION MAKING AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT , (CONTROLLING AND
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE) – POLICIES, DEVELOPING STRATEGIES, ASSIGNING ROLES,
ELICIT PARTICIPATION, AND COOPERATION)
END OF PRESENTATION

THANK YOU!