RADAR – Based obstacles detection

system
(Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg.)
A Minor Project Presentation…

• Ankush Sharma
(0133EC211016) Project Coordinators :
• Dipanshu Tiwari
(0133EC211037) Dr. Navneet Kaur
• Ashi Sharma Prof. Shailendra Singh
(0133EC211022)
• Aastha Saxena Rajpoot
(0133EC211002)
 List Of Contents :
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Literature Survey
4. Proposed Methodology/Circuit Diagram
5. Results
6. Conclusion
7. References
 Abstract
• The increasing integration of autonomous vehicles and unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) into various industries has heightened the demand for
reliable obstacle detection systems. RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging)
technology has emerged as a prominent solution due to its ability to
detect obstacles in various environmental conditions. This project focuses
on the development of a RADAR-based obstacle detection system
designed to enhance the safety and autonomy of vehicles and UAVs.

• With the increasing need for robust surveillance capabilities in military

operations, the development of advanced obstacle detection systems
becomes paramount. This project focuses on the design and
implementation of a RADAR-based obstacle detection system tailored for
army surveillance applications.
 Introduction
• In modern military operations, ensuring comprehensive surveillance
capabilities is imperative for maintaining strategic advantage and
safeguarding personnel and assets. Army surveillance systems play a
critical role in providing real-time situational awareness across diverse
operational environments, ranging from urban settings to rugged terrains
and hostile territories. Concurrently, the integration of autonomous
vehicles into military fleets has revolutionized reconnaissance and
surveillance, offering enhanced mobility, endurance, and operational
flexibility.
• This intersection of army surveillance and autonomous vehicles
underscores the significance of advanced obstacle detection systems. Such
systems enable military personnel to navigate complex environments safely
while maintaining vigilance against potential threats. RADAR (Radio
Detection and Ranging) technology has emerged as a cornerstone in the
development of robust obstacle detection systems, owing to its ability to
operate effectively in various weather conditions and terrain types.
• By leveraging RADAR-based obstacle detection systems, military vehicles and
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can autonomously identify and navigate around
obstacles, ensuring continuous surveillance coverage without risking personnel
safety. Moreover, the integration of advanced signal processing algorithms
enhances the accuracy and reliability of obstacle detection, enabling timely
threat assessment and decision-making in dynamic operational scenarios.

• This project aims to address the critical need for a RADAR-based obstacle
detection system tailored specifically for army surveillance applications. By
combining the capabilities of RADAR technology with the autonomy of military
vehicles, the system endeavors to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of
reconnaissance missions while mitigating risks associated with navigating
challenging environments. Through the development and implementation of
such a system, military forces can augment their surveillance capabilities,
bolstering their readiness and responsiveness in the face of evolving threats.

• In the subsequent sections, we delve into the design, implementation, and

evaluation of the RADAR-based obstacle detection system, elucidating its key
components, operational principles, and potential impact on army surveillance
operations.
 Literature Survey
• Radar-based obstacle detection systems have gained significant attention due to their effectiveness in various
applications such as automotive safety, robotics, and surveillance. This literature survey aims to explore the
advancements, methodologies, and challenges associated with radar-based obstacle detection systems.

• 1. **Historical Overview:**
• - Radar technology has a rich history dating back to World War II, primarily used for military applications such
as aircraft detection.
• - Over the years, radar systems have evolved, becoming more compact, cost-effective, and applicable to
civilian domains.

• 2. **Fundamentals of Radar Technology:**

• - Radar operates on the principle of emitting electromagnetic waves and detecting their reflections from
objects in the environment.
• - Key parameters include frequency, wavelength, pulse width, and modulation techniques, which influence the
system's range, resolution, and accuracy.

• 3. **Types of Radar Systems:**

• - Continuous Wave (CW) Radar: Utilizes continuous transmission and reception of signals, suitable for speed
measurement and short-range applications.
• - Pulse Radar: Emits short pulses of radio frequency energy, allowing for range measurement and target
detection.
• - Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radar: Offers advantages such as high accuracy, range
resolution, and capability for simultaneous range and velocity measurements
Proposed Methodology/Circuit Diagram :
Requirement Analysis:
The specific requirements and objectives of the RADAR-based obstacle
detection system, considering factors such as detection range, accuracy,
response time, and integration with autonomous vehicles.
The components needed for the system, including Arduino microcontroller,
ultrasonic sensors, servo motors, and Processing 3 software for visualization and
control.
Ultrasonic Sensor:
Ultrasonic sound sensors are commonly used in various applications for
distance measurement, object detection, and navigation. Here are some key
points about ultrasonic sound sensors
 Operating Principle: Ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves (typically
above 20 kHz) and then detect the echoes reflected off nearby objects. The time
taken for the sound wave to return is used to calculate the distance to the object.
Distance Measurement: Ultrasonic sensors can measure distances accurately within
a certain range, typically from a few centimeters to several meters, depending on
the sensor's specifications and design.
Applications: Ultrasonic sensors find widespread use in automotive parking
assistance systems, industrial automation, robotics, object detection in smart
devices, and even in medical imaging for diagnostic purposes.
 Arduino Microcontroller
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of
both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece
of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to
write and upload computer code to the physical board.The Arduino platform has become quite
popular with people just starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous
programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a
programmer) in order to load new code onto the board -- you can simply use a USB cable.
Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to
program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the
micro-controller into a more accessible package
Software Implementation with Processing 3:

The role of Processing 3 software in visualizing and controlling the obstacle detection
system. Processing 3 interacts with Arduino through serial communication to receive
sensor data and send commands for servo motor control.
The development of the user interface in Processing 3 for displaying real-time sensor
data and providing interactive controls for system operation
Circuit Diagram
 Some Methodologies :
• Hardware Components: • Software Components :
• Arduino Microcontroller • Arduino IDE
• Ultrasonic Sensor • Processing 3
• Servo Motor
• Bread board
• Jumper Wires
 Results
• Hardware Integration:
Successfully assembled and integrated
the hardware components for the
obstacle detection system.
• Software Implementation:
Developed Arduino sketch for obstacle
detection and servo motor control.
Created a user interface using
Processing
3 for real-time data visualization and
system control.
• Testing and Validation:
Conducted thorough testing to assess
system functionality and performance.
System demonstrated reliable obstacle
detection and servo motor control
capabilities across various scenarios.
 Conclusion & References
• Certainly! Here's a list of references for the literature survey on radar-based obstacle detection systems:

• 1. Skolnik, Merrill I. "Introduction to radar systems." McGraw Hill Professional, 2001.

• 2. Mahafza, Bassem R. "Radar systems analysis and design using MATLAB." Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2000.
• 3. Wahl, Erik, et al. "Radar for in-car applications: Techniques, technology, and applications." IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine 25.1 (2008): 30-40.
• 4. Kim, Jin-Hee, et al. "Radar-based automotive forward collision warning system: Challenges and future
perspectives." Sensors 19.22 (2019): 4934.
• 5. Längle, Thomas, et al. "Millimeter-wave automotive radar: Challenges and opportunities." IEEE Radar
Conference (RadarConf) (2018): 0778-0783.
• 6. Wahl, Fabian, and Uwe D. Hanebeck. "Radar-based collision avoidance: A comparison of MIMO and
phased array radar systems." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 51.1 (2015): 108-128.
• 7. Chen, Yunpeng, et al. "Obstacle detection and tracking in automotive radar sensor data." IEEE
Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 20.3 (2019): 1115-1125.
• 8. Li, Yanguo, et al. "A survey of radar systems for autonomous driving." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems (2021).
• 9. Ge, Nannan, et al. "Radar sensor signal processing for autonomous driving: A comprehensive survey."
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (2021).
• 10. Gao, Guanhao, et al. "Deep learning for radar: A review." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 36.3 (2019):
58-70.

• These references cover a wide range of topics related to radar technology, obstacle detection systems,
signal processing techniques, and applications in automotive and robotics domains.
Thank You…..