The Agriculture Sector

The agriculture sector
 Composition of the agriculture sector

 Agriculture vital functions
 Problems of the agriculture sector
 Solutions on how to improve agriculture sector
 Agrarian reform
Composition of the agriculture sector
The Agricultural Sector is divided into four main sub-sectors, namely:
1) Crops;
2) Livestock (both production and animal health);
3) Fisheries and Aquaculture (including capture fisheries); and
4) Forestry.
Crops
A crop is a plant or plant product that can be grown and harvested for
profit or subsistence. By use, crops fall into 5 categories: food crops,
feed crops, fiber crops, oil crops, and industrial crops.
Crops
Food crops
Food crops, such as fruit and vegetables, are harvested for human
consumption.
Ex: rice, wheat, corn, roots (such as potatoes, cassava), and animal
products such as meat, milk, eggs, cheese and fish. Rice feeds almost
half of humanity.
Crops
Feed crops
Feed crops, such as oats and alfalfa, are harvested for livestock
consumption. These crops contain nutrients that animals need to
develop. They are grown in agricultural fields but can also be found in
natural meadows and pastures.
Crops
Fiber crops
are field crops grown for their fibers, which are traditionally used to
make paper, cloth, or rope.
In the Philippines: abaca, cotton, piña, salago, and silk.

Crops
Oil crops
are rich sources of oils, proteins, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers, and
provide raw material for production of biodiesel. They are the second
most important determinant of agricultural economy.
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from
other parts of fruits. Like animal fats, vegetable fats.
Crops
Industrial crops
are crops which are normally not sold directly for consumption because
they need to be industrially processed prior to final use.
The Philippine Industrial Crops Research Institute (PICRI) development the

high value industrial crops such as rubber, coffee, cacao, fiber crops and
spices to significantly contribute to the growth and sustainability of the
country's economy.
1) Crops;
4) Forestry.
Livestock (both production and animal health);
is concerned with raising and maintaining livestock, primarily for the
purposes of producing meat, milk, and eggs. Livestock agriculture also
includes wool and leather production and may include animals kept for
recreation.
Species:
Cattle, Swine, Poultry, Goats, horses etc.
Fisheries and Aquaculture (including capture fisheries);
is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs,
crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of
intervention in the rearing process to enhance production.
Ex: Cultivate, protecting, securities in agencies

The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)
1) Crops;
4) Forestry.
Forestry
Forest farming is the cultivation of high-value specialty crops under a
forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide
shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production
levels.
The 5 types of forest in the Philippines:

mangrove, molave, dipterocarp, pine, and mossy, also known as cloud forest;
The 5 types of forest in the Philippines:
mangrove, molave, dipterocarp, pine, and mossy, also known as cloud forest;
Agriculture vital functions
These are the functions of the agriculture in economy:
Problems of the agriculture sector
 Capital
 Postharvest Facility
 Market Access
 Innovation
 Climate Change
 Capital
Farmers don’t have sufficient capital to afford high input costs such as
fertilizers, pesticides, and other costs. As a result, they resort to
microfinancing or, worse, money lenders that charge as high as 10-20%
interest rate per month.
 Postharvest Facility
The second challenge is the lack of, or limited, postharvest facilities.
Without proper postharvest facilities, harvests are not processed or
stored correctly, and farmers often must sell their produce at a reduced
price to avoid spoilage, wastage, or contamination from pests and
diseases.
 Market Access
The farmers’ access to market is another varied and complex challenge.
The market structure in the Philippines is highly concentrated in the
hands of a few large buyers. This limits the access of small-scale
farmers to the market, as they lack the capacity, like logistical capability,
to compete against the larger buyers.
 Innovation
It is essential for the development of the Philippines’ agricultural sector
that innovative technology and practices are adopted. This can help
farmers to become more productive, efficient, sustainable, and
profitable. Examples of such innovations include precision agriculture,
automated systems, robotic technologies, improved crop rotation.
 Climate Change
Climate change is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges currently
faced by farmers. Unpredictable climate patterns are having a severe
impact on agricultural productivity. Rising temperatures can lead to
reduced crop yields, while extreme weather events such as floods and
storms.
Solutions on how to improve agriculture sector
 Implementing land reform.
 Irrigation facilities.
 High-quality seeds.
 Green methods of pest control.
 Core cropping.
 Implementing land reform
Land reforms is the restoration of land to its rightful owners.
-Relieve the unemployment pressure

-Increase agricultural production and productivity
-Landless farmers
-To make the small farmers more independent
 Irrigation facilities
It is an application of water to the soil through various systems of
tubes, pumps, and sprays. Irrigation is usually used in areas where
rainfall is irregular or dry times or drought is expected. There are many
types of irrigation systems, in which water is supplied to the entire field
uniformly.
Types of irrigation system:
canals, laterals, ditches, conduits pumps, gates and related equipment
necessary for the supply, delivery and drainage of irrigation water.
Canals an artificial channel that is
the main waterway that brings
irrigation water from a water source
to the area to be irrigated.
Laterals a permanent channel
constructed to convey irrigation
water from the source of supply
to one or more irrigated areas.
PURPOSE. To convey irrigation water
to one or more irrigated areas.
Ditches permanent ditches
constructed of earthen materials
designed to convey water from
the source of supply to a field
That being blocked temporarily
Conduits pipe
conduit, channel or pipe for conveying
water or other fluid or for carrying out
certain other purposes. In water-supply
systems the term is usually reserved for
covered or closed sections of aqueduct,
especially those that transport water
under pressure.
 High-quality seeds.
Varietals pure with a high germination percentage, free from disease and
disease organisms, and with a proper moisture content and weight. Quality
seed insures good germination, rapid emergence, and vigorous growth.
Lettuce
Corn
Pumpkin
Potato
Spinach
Peas
 Green methods of pest control.
This type of pest management refers to products that come only from
earth-based materials and contain non-chemical matters. Such natural
materials are borates and desiccant dust (diatomaceous earth and
silica).
 Core cropping
A cropping system refers to the type and sequence of crops grown and
practices used for growing them.
Agrarian reform
 History of Agrarian
 What is DAR?
 Republic Act. No. 9700
 Agrarian condition

The Agriculture Sector

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The Agriculture Sector

Uploaded by

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The agriculture sector

 Composition of the agriculture sector

In the Philippines: abaca, cotton, piña, salago, and silk.

The Philippine Industrial Crops Research Institute (PICRI) development the

Ex: Cultivate, protecting, securities in agencies

The 5 types of forest in the Philippines:

-Relieve the unemployment pressure

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