Let’s work on the stress equilibrium relations in plane strain approximations :

write in terms of deformation

E
X x    2 exx   exx  ezz   2 exx  exx  ezz   E exx
1   1  2  1 
E 1    E E 1    u E w
 exx  ezz  
1   1  2  1   1  2  1   1  2  x 1   1  2  z

E 1    w E u
Zz  
1   1  2  z 1   1  2  x

E  w u 
X z  Zx    
21     x z 

X x E 1     2u E 2w
 
x 1   1  2  x 1   1  2  xz
2

X z E   2 w  2u 
   2 
z 21     xz z 
X x X z
 0
x z
E 1    2u E 2 w E  2u E 2w
    0
1   1  2  x 1   1  2  xz 2 1    z 2 1    xz
2 2

E  2u 1  2   2 u  1  2   2 w 
  2 1         0
1   1  2   x 2 z 2
 2  xz 
E  2u  2u  2 w 
  2 1    2  1  2  2  0
2 1   1  2   x z xz 

 2u  2u  2 w
 21    2  1  2  2  0
x z xz
Z x Z z
 0
x z
E  2 w  2 w 2u 
  2 1    2  1  2  2  0
2 1   1  2   z x xz 

2w  2 w  2u
 21    2  1  2  2  0
z x xz

 2u  2 w  2u
1  2  2   21    2  0
Stress equilibrium z xz x
relation  2 w  2u 2w
1  2  2   21    2  0
x xz z

Volume strain u w P Hydrostatic pressure

 
x z K Bulk modulus
 Compression of an elastic film sandwiched between
two rigid parallel plates:

Elastic film
h incompressible
L 

L 2 L 2

Stress equilibrium relations for the film

 2u  2 w  2u
1  2  2   21    2  0
z xz x
 2 w  2u 2w
1  2  2   21    2  0
x xz z

Characteristic quantities for writing the equation in dimensionless form

U  u / L, X  x / L, W  w / h, Z  z / h
with h  L
 L2  2U  2W  2U
1  2  2 2   21    2  0
h Z XZ X
Dimensionless form of the equation
h 2  2W  2U  2W
1  2  2 2   21    2  0
L X X Z Z

 2U  2W
  2 1    2  0
X Z Z

Integration

1 U W
   A  X   0  W   1 U
 A X 
2 1    X Z Z 21    X

Differentiation WRT to X

 2W 1  2U A  X 
  
Z X 2 1    X 2
X
Substituting in
L2  2U  2W  2U
1  2  2 2   21    2  0
h Z XZ X
 1  2   2U 1  2U  2U A  X 
  2 1    2  0
h 2
L2  Z 2
2 1    X 2
X X

Further simplification & algebraic manipulation

1  2   2U 
1  2U  2U A X 
 21    2  0
2 Z 2
21    X 2
X X


1  2   2U 
  
1   2U A X 
 21     0
2 Z  21     X X
2 2


1  2   2U  41   2  1   2U A X 
  
2 Z 2
2 1     X 2  X  0
 
 2U 2  1  2 3  2    U 2 A X 
2
 1  2  2       0
Z  21     X
2
X
Smaller than other terms
  2U A  X 
 1  2  2   2
0
Z X h
After integration L

2 A  X  Z 2
U   BX Z  C X 
1  2  X 2

At Z  0, U 0 Bottom surface

2 A  X  Z 2
 C X   0 U   BX Z
1  2  X 2
At Z  1, U  0 Top surface

2 A  X  1 2 A  X  1
0  BX   BX   
1  2  X 2 1  2  X 2
Finally, we have the solution, U 
2 
A X  Z 2  Z 
1  2  X 2

Differentiating with respect to X

U


 2  2 AX  Z 2  Z 
X 1  2  X 2 2
W 1 U
Substituting in    A X 
Z 2 1    X

W  2  2 AX  2
Z

1
41    1  2  X 2

Z  Z  A X  

After integration

 2  A X   Z 3 Z 2 
2
1
W       A X  Z  B  X 
4 1    1  2  X 2  3 2 

At Z  0, W 0 Bottom surface

BX   0
 1  2  2 A X   Z 3 Z 2 
Which finally leads
W      A X Z
to 41    1  2  X 2
 3 2 

At Z  1, W  Top surface
   h 
1  2  2 A X 
  A X  Vertical deformation
241    1  2  X 2

2 A X  24 1   1  2  24 1   1  2 
  A X   
X 2
 2
 2

Solving c1 c2
Integration constants
2 A X  c2
 c1 A  X   c2  A X     p2 e 
c1 X c1 X
  p1e
X 2 c1

Differentiating
A X 
X
 c1 p1e  c1 X
 p2 e
 c1 X

 2 A X 
X 2
 c1 p1e  c1 X
 p2 e
 c1 X

 1  2  2 A X   Z 3 Z 2 
Substituting in W       A X Z
41    1  2  X 2
 3 2 

W 
1 2
41    1  2 
c1 p1e  c1 X
 p2 e
 c1 X

Z3 Z2 
  
     p1e c1 X
 p2 e
 c1 X
Z
 3 2 

 
   Z 3 Z 2 
2
1
 Z  p1e
c1 X
 p2 e
 c1 X
Z  c1    

 41    1  2   3 2  
 Z  p e 2Z 
c1 X  c1 X
1  p2 e 3
 3Z 2  Z
24 1   1  2 
c1  
Substituting in U 
A X  Z 2  Z
2   2
1  2  X 2

U
2
21  2 
c1 p1e  c1 X
 p2 e
 c1 X
Z 2
 Z

At X  0, U  0 Bottom surface

p1  p 2
So the deformation
U 
2
1  2 
c1 p1 sinh  
c1 X Z 2  Z 
profiles are obtained as
W  Z  2 p1 cosh  
c1 X 2 Z 3  3Z 2  Z 

U

 2 c1
X 1  2 
 
p1 cosh c1 X Z 2  Z   241    p1 cosh  
c1 X Z 2  Z 

W
Z
 
   2 p1 cosh c1 X 6 Z 2  6 Z  1

Hydrostatic pressure at any

Volume strain at any U W P location in the sandwiched film
 
location in film: X Z K
Bulk modulus of film

Dimensionless
hydrostatic pressure
 U W
X

Z
 
   2 p1 cosh c1 X 121   Z 2  Z   6 Z 2  6 Z  1

 
   2 p1 cosh c1 X  1  6Z 2  Z 1  2 
P

K
This expression is valid at any Z h
L

Say at Z  0    2 p1 cosh  
c1 X  
P
K

at X  1 2, P0 At the edge, i.e. at x   L 2, the film is open to atmosphere

 c1 
   2 p1 cosh  0 
 cosh  c1 X P
 2 
  cosh  c1 2 K

 p1 
 c1  P


    1
cosh  
c1 X 

2 cosh  
 2 
 
K  cosh
  
c1 2 

 Dimensionless (force per unit width, f ) of the plate on the film

f
12

 F  2
P
1 2

dX  2  1 
cosh  
c1 X  
1
 dX  2  
 
tanh c1 2 

KL 0
K 0
 cosh
  
c1 2 

2

c1 

Bulk modulus of film

x3 2x5
tanh( x)  x   
3 5

1 tanh( x) 1  tanh  x   1   x2 2 x4   1  x2 2 x4 
   1    1  1          
2 2x 2 x  2  3 5  2  3 5 
c1
with x 
2

 c1 2c12 
 F    
 12 80 
 Remember 24 1   1  2 
c1 
2
 c1 2c  2
 F     1 24 1   1  2 
c2 
 12 80  2

24 1   1  2 
c1 
2

f   1 24 1   1  2   Neglecting higher order terms

  
KL h  12  2

 2 1   1  2   2 1   1  2  2  1   
f  KL  L
h  2
h 2
h L 2
 3 1  2 

f

 
4 1   2 L2
L 3h3
L2 m 2 1
3
 3=
dimension h m m
f N.m 2 1
 =
L m.m.mN m