HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

NAME: AYUB ABRAR

ID; NSR/0382/14
Submitted to; Inst. Bezawit T.
 Major invention of
industrial revolution

CONTENTS How was it started?

Major construction of
the revolution
1 Major invention of
industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a transformative period that reshaped society, economy, and
technology. Here are some key inventions that played a pivotal role during this era:

Spinning Water Frame Spinning Mule

Jenny
Invented by James
Hargreaves in 1764, it
allowed thread to be
drawn from eight spindles
simultaneously,
revolutionizing textile
production.
Patented by Richard
Arkwright in 1769, it was
the first fully automatic
spinning machine,
powered by waterwheels.
Created by Samuel
Crompton around 1779,
it combined features of
the spinning jenny and
water frame, enhancing
yarn production.
 Watt Steam Power Loom Cotton Gin
Engine Invented by Edmund
Developed by James Cartwright in 1785 , it Eli Whitney’s invention
Watt in 1778, it automated weaving. in 1794 revolutionized
significantly improved cotton processing.
efficiency and
powered various
industries.
 Gas Street Electromagnet First
Lighting Created by William Photograph
Sturgeon in 1825, it
Introduced by laid the groundwork Captured by Joseph
Frederick Albert for electrical Nicéphore Niépce in
Winsor in 1807, it technology. 1826, it marked the
illuminated streets. birth of photograph
2 How It Started?
  The Industrial Revolution, began in England about 1760 to sometime
between
1820 and 1840.
 This transition included going from handproduction methods to
machines,
new chemical manufacturing and ironproduction processes, the increasing
use
of steam power, the development of machinetools and the rise of the factory
system, whichled to radical changes at every level of
civilization throughout the world.
Key factors
Technological Transportation
included: Factory
and
Changes System
 New materials (iron,  Organized work Communication
steel), energy sources with increased  team locomotives,
(coal, steam engines), division of labor steamships,
machines (spinning jenny, telegraphs, and
power loom), and scientific radios transformed
applications. connectivity.
3 Major constructions
of the revolution
Railway
Infrastructure
Significance: Railways revolutionized transportation and facilitated the
movement of goods and people on a large scale.
Examples: The Liverpool and Manchester Railway in the UK (opened
in 1830) and the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States
(completed in 1869).
Bridges and
Viaducts
Significance: Innovations in bridge construction enabled the crossing of
rivers, valleys, and other obstacles, facilitating trade and communication
Examples: The Iron Bridge in Coalbrookdale, UK (completed in
1781), and the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, USA (completed in 1883).
Canals and
Waterways
Significance: Canals provided efficient transportation routes for bulky goods
before the widespread adoption of railways.
Examples: The Erie Canal in the United States (completed in 1825)
and the Caledonian Canal in Scotland (completed in 1822).
Factories and
Industrial
Buildings Significance: The construction of factories and industrial buildings facilitated
mass production and the growth of manufacturing industries.

Examples: The Cotton Mills in Manchester, UK, such as the Manchester

Royal Exchange (built in 1847), and the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts, USA.
Iron and
Steel
Structures
Significance: Advances in iron and steel construction techniques led to the
development of large-scale structures and buildings.

Examples: The Crystal Palace in London, UK (built for the Great Exhibition of
1851), and Eiffel Tower in Paris, France (completed in 1889).
Utilities
Infrastructure
Significance: Construction of utilities infrastructure, such as waterworks and
sewer systems, improved public health and living conditions.

Examples: London's sewer system by Joseph Bazalgette (completed in the

1860s) and the Croton Aqueduct in New York, USA (completed in 1842).
Docks and
Harbors
Significance: Expansion of maritime infrastructure facilitated global trade
and the growth of port cities.

Examples: Albert Dock in Liverpool, UK (completed in 1846), and Brooklyn

Navy Yard in New York, USA (established in 1801).
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