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Country Report
Nepal
(2017 Seminar on Electrification Mode Based on
Clean Energy for Countries along the Belt and
Road)

Team Member
Mr. Hari Ram Shrestha
Ms. Liyan Sharma
Mr. Manoj Kumar Sah
Mr. Roshan Pandey
Tuesday, April 30, 2024
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Country Background
• Area: 147,141 sq. km.
• Three ecological regions: Terai, Hills & Mountains
• Population: 26.62 million; 5.66 million households
(CBS, 2012)
Key features of energy sector:
Heavy reliance on traditional sources
Regular power-cuts
100% of petroleum is imported: frequent shortages
Upcoming RE sector
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Geographical Location

Situated in between China in the

North and India in the other 3 sides
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Physiographic Division

Terai: 17%
(<330 m)
Hilly Area: 68%
Mountain: 15%
(> 3000 m)
Avg. width: 200km
Avg. Length: 800km
Extends from 60 m to 8,848 m at North(The Mount Everest)
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General look
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National Cap, Animal, Bird, Weapon, Flower, Flag

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Living Goddess
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Famous Army in World

(Gurkha Army)
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Important Sites
• Lumbini- Birth Place of Lord Buddha
• Pasupathinath- Lord Shiva
• 7 Cultural Heritage site registered by UNESCO
and 2 National Parks
• Highest Peak- Mount Everest (8848 m)
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Lumbini and Few lake of Pokhara

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Highest Peak and famous Peak

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Incredible Nepal
• Naturally Nepal-Once is not enough.mp4
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Water Resources (>100 GW of Potential)

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Solar Potential (> 300 days of sunshine)

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Wind Potential
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Condt….
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But……
Energy Consumption Situation

• Per capita energy consumption is 16 GJ where as electricity

consumption is 120 kWh per person

• 76.3% population has access to electricity including 15.6%

from
Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs)

• Only 3% of the total energy consumed is electricity mainly

from
Hydropower.
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Energy Consumption Situation

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High priority of GoN for Renewable Energy

• Renewable energy for combating energy crisis (urban solar, solar street lighting, wind
energy)

• "Every household in Nepal will be made Indoor Air Pollution Free Bright Household
in next 3 years (CCLS4ALL)” goal through GoN's Policy & Program (FY 2014/15)

• High targets in periodic plan (13th Plan: 2013/14 - 2015/16) & Budget
Speech (FY 2015/16)

• GoN joined UN’s SE4ALL Initiative: NPC as focal point & 3 thematic
• coordination groups (EA, RE, EE); SDG Goal 7

• Framework agreement on Energy+ Cooperation signed by GoN & DPs

• National goal of graduation from least developed to developing country by 2022:

RE on top priority
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Present Capacity
Installed Capacity: 1001.0 MW
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Off Grid(NEA) 4.6 MW

In Grid 956.4 MW Off grid(AEPC) 40 (26+14) MW

Hydro 903 MW Thermal 53.4 MW

ROR 811 MW
Storage 92 MW

IPP 430
NEA 381
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History of Hydropower in Nepal

First Hydro Power Plant in Nepal
• Name : Pharping Hydropower, Kathmandu
• Capacity : 500 kW Installed in : 1911 (AD)
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Classification of Hydropower in
Nepal

• -Pico Hydro: Up to 10 kW

• -Micro Hydro: Greater than 10 kW and up to 100 kW

• -Mini Hydro: Greater than 100 kW and up to 1 MW

• -Small Hydro: Greater than 1 MW and up to 10 MW

• -Medium Hydro: Greater than 10 MW and up to 50

MW
• -Large Hydro: Above 50 MW
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RE Installation
Renewable Energy Technology Installations July 2011 Districts Households
Number Capacity Covered* connected

Hydropower: 44.65 MW (not including IWM)

Mini hydro (100 kW < x ≤ 1MW) 45 14.4 MW 31 NA

Micro hydro (5 kW < x ≥ 100 kW) 1,287 24.61 MW 59 214,107

Pico hydro (x ≤ 5 kW) 1,634 3.70 MW 56 32,190
IWM (improved water mill) 9,015 NA 49 NA
Solar:(11.61 MW )
Solar home system 329,849 8.43 MW 73 329,849
Institutional solar PV 2155 2.95 MW 41 NA
Solar pumping 111 0.12 MW 30 NA
Small solar home system (<10 11,687 0.11 MW 65 11,687
Wp)
Wind
Wind 24 0.03 MW 12 NA
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Transmission Line
Under
Existing Planned
Transmission Lines Construction
(Circuit km) (Circuit km)
(Circuit km)
66kV Voltage Level 511.16 -
132kV Voltage Level 2337.7 1010.0 1320.0
220kV Voltage Level - 659.0 949.8
400kV Voltage Level - 648.0 6495.6
Total 2848.86 2317.0 8765.4
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NEA’s Demand Forecast 04/30/2024

Source:
Rajeev Sharma, (at Power Summit), 2016
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RE Status
Theoretical Potential of Above 100 GW
Hydropower (MW)
Definition of SHP in Your Within 10 MW
Country (MW)

Exploitable Potential of Small 10 GW (355MW till exploited)

Hydro Power
Exploitable Potential of Solar Within 3 GW
Energy (MW)
Exploitable Potential of Wind Within 1 GW
Energy (MW)

Total Installed Capacity of Grid-(887 MW hydro + 53 MW thermal) +

Electric Power (MW) Off grid- (500 MW thermal + 60 MW
renewable)
Installed Capacity of >900 MW hydro
Hydropower (MW)
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RE status contd…
Installed Capacity of SHP (MW) 70% of total hydro
Installed Capacity of Solar 20 MW (Grid+ off grid)
Energy (MW)
Installed Capacity of Wind Nearly 1 MW (off grid)
Energy (MW)
Power Price for End Users 8.46 NPR-11.5 NPR (20-251) Unit 1 USD = 103.5 NPR
(US dollar)
Feed-in Tariff of SHP ~ 5.20 NPR by NEA
(US dollar)
Feed-in Tariff of Solar Energy ~9.46 NPR by NEA (recently made in tender)
(US dollar)
Feed-in Tariff of Wind Energy ~9.46 NPR by NEA (recently made in tender) especially for Solar Wind hybrid
(US dollar)
Hydropower Projects to be 2-3 above 1 MW per year and 10 below 1 MW every year and 2 big hydro (greater
Constructed or Refurbished than 50 MW) construction every year.
Main Difficulties in SHP Policy, Training, Maintenance services and technology transfer
development and planning
Future Solar Energy Projects to World bank 20 MW project to be constructed this year
be Constructed
Main Difficulties in Developing Problem for grid penetration due to lack in feed in traffic policy for renewable energy
Solar Energy and due to lack of Grid Impact Study of Nation grid transmission system.
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Status 04/30/2024

• Technical dependence on foreign countries like

India, China, Europe and others.
• All the major components like turbine,
generator, ELC, governor have to import.
• We have to rely upon foreign countries for even
minor repair and maintenance for major parts.
• There is no any kind of research laboratory
facility here to test those equipment.
• Local manufacturers have appeared but they are
still in their early period to compete with
international developers.
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Problems
• On looking the percentage of failure, it was
obtained that about 50% of the components
manufactured in Nepal have failed. This is
probably because the manufacturers are new to
this process and they have got very low expertise
on the manufacturing of hydropower
components.
• To reduce the dependence and increasing own
capacity, proper seminars and workshops need
to be organized for the local manufacturers.
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• On analysis of the hydropower components,

most of the failures have occurred in mechanical
parts followed by the electrical failure.

12

10

0
Electro-mechanical Civil Electrical Mechanical

Fig: Component wise failure

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• From the study of failure according to the power size,

it is explicit that irrespective of the power size, most
of the failure occurs in the mechanical components.
6

0
<1 1 to 5 5 to 10 >10

Total number Mechanical failure Electrical failure

Electromechanical failure Civil failure

Fig: Failure according to the power size

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• On the study of the hydropower components 04/30/2024

according to the manufacturer, it seems pretty

obvious that despite the source, the components
have been failing.

• There must be something lacking in our

identification
50 of quality manufacturer as the graph
indicates.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Nepal Germany India China

Total components Failures

Fig: Failure manufacturing country wise

Objectives of NAST

Advancement of S&T for

Overall Development

Preservation and
Modernization of Indigenous
Technologies

Promotion of Research in S
&T

Identification and Transfer of

Appropriate Technologies
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NAST Contribution 04/30/2024

Fig: Load balance Test Fig: Taking Interview

• Frequent site visits of the small hydropower operating in
various parts of the country.
• Carry out various test related to hydropower.
• Conduct the interactive workshops in the visited sites to
give the proper feedbacks and recommendations for the
smooth and efficient operation.
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04/30/2024

The Hydropower testing equipment

available here at NAST are:
• Vibration meter
• Ultrasonic crack finder
• Insulation Tester
• Eddy current flaw detection
unit
• Magnetic particle inspection
Fig: Vibration Test
unit
• Energy meter
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Challenges and Opportunities

• The small hydropower sites in Nepal, although
having significant share in national energy
context, haven’t been regularly supervised and
routinely inspected.
• They are in poor condition because of lack of
proper repair and timely maintenance.
• Efficient operation has not been observed in
most of the sites.
• Finally, the small hydro plants of more than 2
MW seem more feasible in context of Nepal.
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Barriers for Power Development

• Topography
• Investment
• Political instability
• Playground for Big countries
• No strong Policies
• Poverty
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Upcoming Projects with China

• Nepal has signed the frame work agreement and to be
part of Silk road (one belt one road ) two weeks ago.
• Nepal Government assigned the Gezhouba Construction
to complete the 1200 MW Budi Gandaki Hydro power
High dam projects in (EPCF) model a week before.
• Nepal, China sign first-ever transit treaty;
agreement to have rail link to end dependency
on India last year
• Nepal Government already assigned the West Seti 750
MW project to China Government which is under study
phase by Three Gorge Company of China. (Nepal
Investment Board has already passed the $1.6 billion
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How it goes??????
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NAST HRC Program at Kathmandu

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Some Beautiful Friends in Nepal

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Then Now
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Group Photo
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Nepalese Dress
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Different Culture and dress

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Modern Girls
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Average Guy
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04/30/2024