Exploring the Glass

& Ceramics Industry

Lester John J. Labao
ChE 325 – Chemical Process Industries
Introduction
The glass and ceramics industry encompasses the production
of a wide range of materials used in various applications.
Glass is typically made from silica sand, soda ash, and
limestone, while ceramics are crafted from clay, minerals, and
other additives.
 Table of contents

Manufacturing
01. Glass 03.
Process of Glass &
Ceramics

02. Ceramics 04. Glass and Ceramics

Industries
 01.
GLASS
GLASS
is an inorganic solid and non-crystalline material that is
transparent in appearance. Glass is also an amorphous
material that is hard but at the same time very fragile. There
are four types of glasses:
• Annealed Glass
• Heat Strengthened Glass
• Toughened Glass
• Laminated Glass
ANNEALED GLASS

It is the simplest and basic form of glass. It is also known

as float glass since it is formed from the annealing stage of
the float process. Annealed glass is the main product to
manufacture various advanced glass types.
HEAT STRENGTHENED
GLASS
Is a semi-tough glass which is used to provide extra
toughness to resist thermal stress or wind pressure. They
are ideal for use in glass in doors, tubs, and shower
enclosures in building construction.
TOUGHENED GLASS

Also known as tempered glass and is tough in nature. When

the glass breaks, it forms small granular chunks like square
fragments which are hazardous and can cause injuries.
 LAMINATED GLASS

Most common type of glass which features two sheets of

glass with a plastic interlayer separating them. Laminated
glass does not break into small fragments.
 Properties of Glass
1. Amorphous
2. Brittle
3. Transparent
4. Chemical resistant
5. Hard
6. Electrically insulating
7. Thermally insulating
8. Viscoelastic
 02.
CERAMICS
 CERAMICS

Ceramic is a nonmetallic and inorganic substance. Ceramics

are formed by mixing several materials, including water,
powders, earthen materials, and clay. Clay is a very
commonly utilized material for ceramics.
 Properties of Ceramics
1. Hard
2. Brittle
3. Refractory
4. Nonmagnetic
5. Chemically steady
6. Resistant to heat and corrosion
 Types of Ceramics

01. TRADITIONAL CERAMICS

ADVANCED CERAMICS 02.

 Traditional Ceramics
Also known as POTTERY, one of the oldest human
technology. These are made from natural materials like
clay, feldspar, or quarts. Their structure depends on the
composition of the clay which makes imperfect compared
to the uniform microstructure of advanced ceramics. The
major types of pottery are earthenware, stoneware, and
porcelain
 Types of Pottery
 EARTHENWARE – is made from clay fired at relatively low
temperature known for its porous and rustic qualities.
 STONEWARE – fired at high temperature, resulting in a dense,
durable material often glazed for decorative and functional
purposes.
 PORCELAIN – made from fine clay fired at extremely high
temperature, producing a smooth, non-porous material prized for
its strength and translucent appearance.
 Advanced Ceramics

These use synthetic powders such as aluminum oxide,

silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. They are designed and
engineered to have specific properties for high-performance
applications.
 03.
Manufacturing Process
of Glass and Ceramics
 STAGES OF GLASS PROCESSING

Collecting
Raw materials 01. 04. Shaping

Preparing
the Batch 02. 05. Annealing

Melting 03. 06. Finishing

GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 STAGES OF CERAMICS PROCESSING

1. Milling 3. Forming
Ceramics materials to form a desired
Separating raw materials from design using different techniques such
any impurities. as slip casting, injection molding, and
dry pressing.
2. Sizing,
Batching, & 4. Glazing
Dried powder pressing uses glazing
Mixing techniques to support the physical
To have a more homogeneous properties of the pressed part.
and uniform composition.
5. Firing
Exposing into sintering oven for heat
treating. Sintering process creates density
and hardens the materials.
CERAMICS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 04.
Glass and Ceramics
Industries
Glass Manufacturers
1. Asahi Glass Philippines
2. Republic Glass Holdings Corporation
3. Lepanto Consolidated Mining
Company - Lepanto Glass Division
4. AG&P (Atlantic Gulf & Pacific
Company)
5. RGC Glass Corporation
Ceramics Manufacturers
1. Mariwasa Siam Ceramics, Inc.
2. Sanitarywares Marketing Company,
Inc. (SAMCO)
3. Asia Ceramics Corporation
4. Century Peak Metals Holdings
Corporation
5. HCG Philippines, Inc.
Thank you
for listening
QUIZ

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