SOUND AND

LIGHT

PREPARED BY:
MELISSA TABILOG, RM
 WHAT IS SOUND AND LIGHT?
• Sound
• Sound is a form of energy that is
produced by vibrations. These
vibrations travel through a
medium, such as air, water, or
solids, in the form of waves.
• Key components of sound include
frequency (pitch), amplitude
(loudness), and timbre (quality).
• Examples of sound include music,
speech, and environmental noises.
• Light
• Light is a form of electromagnetic
radiation that behaves both as a
wave and a particle.
• It consists of photons, which are
particles of light.
• Light travels in straight lines and can
be reflected, refracted, or absorbed.
• The properties of light include
intensity, wavelength (color), and
polarization.
 The Relationship Between Sound and Light

 Both sound and light are forms of energy that can be transmitted through waves.
 They interact with each other in various ways, influencing perception and creating unique
experiences.
 For example, in the field of music, visual components such as stage lighting can enhance
the auditory experience, creating a multisensory performance.
 WAVE NATURE
OF SOUND
Wave Nature of Sound: Sound waves are
mechanical vibrations that propagate through a
medium, such as air, water, or solids. When an
object vibrates, it causes nearby air particles to
compress (increased pressure) and rarefy
(decreased pressure), creating a pattern of
alternating high and low pressure regions. These
pressure variations travel outward from the source
of the sound as longitudinal waves. Key
characteristics of sound waves include:
Wavelength: The distance between successive
compressions or rarefactions in the wave. It is
denoted by the symbol λ (lambda).
Frequency: The number of oscillations (vibrations)
per unit of time, typically measured in hertz (Hz). It
determines the pitch of the sound, with higher
frequencies corresponding to higher pitches.
Amplitude: The maximum displacement of
particles from their equilibrium position as the
wave passes through. It determines the loudness
or intensity of the sound.
WAVE NATURE
OF LIGHT
Wave Nature of Light: Light waves are
electromagnetic waves composed of
oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
Unlike sound waves, light waves do not
require a medium to propagate and
can travel through vacuum as well as
through various materials. Light waves
exhibit the following characteristics:
Wavelength: The distance between
successive crests or troughs in the
wave. It determines the color of light,
with shorter wavelengths
corresponding to bluer colors and
longer wavelengths corresponding to
redder colors.
Frequency: The number of wave cycles
passing a given point per unit of time,
measured in hertz (Hz). It determines
the energy of the light wave, with
higher frequencies corresponding to
higher energy photons.
Amplitude: The maximum strength of
the electric and magnetic fields in the
wave. It affects the intensity or
brightness of the light.
 PROPERTIES OF SOUND

• Frequency: Sound waves consist of oscillations in air pressure, which we perceive as sound. The frequency of a sound wave determines its pitch—the
higher the frequency, the higher the pitch, and vice versa. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), where one Hertz equals one cycle per second.

• Amplitude: The amplitude of a sound wave corresponds to its loudness or intensity. Greater amplitude means louder sound. Amplitude is measured in
decibels (dB)
• .
• Speed: The speed of sound depends on the medium through which it travels. In dry air at 20°C (68°F), sound travels at approximately 343 meters per
second (about 1,235 kilometers per hour or 767 miles per hour). It travels faster in denser mediums like water and solids than in gases like air.

• Propagation: Sound waves travel through a medium by compressing and rarefying the molecules of the medium. Unlike light, sound cannot
propagate through a vacuum and requires a medium such as air, water, or solids.

• Wavelength: Sound waves have wavelengths corresponding to the distance between successive compressions or rarefactions. The wavelength of a
sound wave is inversely proportional to its frequency—the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.

• Pitch: Pitch is the perceptual attribute of sound that allows us to order sounds on a scale from low to high. It is closely related to frequency, with
higher frequencies corresponding to higher pitches and lower frequencies corresponding to lower pitches.

• Timbre: Timbre refers to the quality or tone color of a sound. It is what allows us to distinguish between different musical instruments or voices
producing the same pitch and loudness. Timbre is influenced by factors such as the harmonic content, envelope, and spectral characteristics of a
sound.

• Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction: Similar to light waves, sound waves can reflect off surfaces, refract when passing from one medium to
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
• Speed: Light travels at an incredibly fast and constant speed of approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (about 186,282 miles per second) in a
vacuum. This speed may vary when light passes through different materials.

• Wavelength: Light consists of electromagnetic waves with varying wavelengths. Wavelength is the distance between successive peaks (or troughs) of a
wave. Different wavelengths of light correspond to different colors in the visible spectrum. For example, red light has a longer wavelength than blue light.

• Frequency: The frequency of light is the number of wave cycles that pass a fixed point in one second. It is inversely proportional to wavelength, meaning
that light with shorter wavelengths has higher frequencies. Frequency determines the color of light, with higher frequencies corresponding to colors
towards the violet end of the spectrum and lower frequencies corresponding to colors towards the red end.

• Propagation: Light can propagate through various mediums, including air, water, glass, and vacuum. It travels in straight lines unless it encounters an
obstacle or changes medium, in which case it may refract, reflect, or scatter.

• Wave-Particle Duality: Light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, known as the wave-particle duality. In certain experiments, light behaves
as waves, while in others, it behaves as discrete packets of energy called photons.

• Polarization: Light waves oscillate in multiple planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Polarization refers to the orientation of these
oscillations. Polarized light waves oscillate in a specific plane, which can be controlled using polarizing filters.

• Interference and Diffraction: Light waves can undergo interference when they overlap, leading to constructive or destructive interference patterns.
Diffraction occurs when light waves encounter an obstacle or aperture and bend around it, spreading out into a pattern of waves beyond the obstacle.

• Absorption, Reflection, and Refraction: When light encounters a material, it can be absorbed, reflected, or refracted (bent). The behavior of light at
interfaces between different mediums depends on factors such as the angle of incidence, the refractive indices of the materials, and the wavelength of the
light.
 ULTRASOUND

Ultrasound refers to sound waves

with frequencies higher than the
upper audible limit of human
hearing, typically above 20,000
hertz (Hz). In medical contexts,
ultrasound imaging, also known as
sonography, is a diagnostic imaging
technique that uses high-frequency
sound waves to create images of
the inside of the body.
 ULTRASOUND
IN SOUND

1. Medical Imaging: In medicine, ultrasound

imaging, also known as ultrasonography,
utilizes high-frequency sound waves to
produce images of structures inside the body.
These images help in diagnosing and
monitoring various medical conditions
without the use of ionizing radiation.
2. Transducers: Ultrasound transducers emit
and receive ultrasound waves. When these
waves encounter boundaries between
different tissues in the body, some of the
waves are reflected back to the transducer. By
analyzing the time it takes for the waves to
return and their intensity, detailed images of
internal structures can be created.
3. Applications: Ultrasound is used in various
medical applications, including obstetrics (for
monitoring fetal development), cardiology
(for assessing heart function), and imaging of
organs such as the liver, kidneys, and
gallbladder. It is also used for guiding
procedures such as biopsies and injections.
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