Lived Experiences of Former

Children In conflict with the Law

in the Rehabilitation Program

A Thesis Proposal by: MARLON B. CAINONG

Rationale
 Children in conflict with the law often face multiple challenges,
including petty crimes, minor offenses, and sometimes coercion by
adults. Prejudice related to race, ethnicity, or socio-economic status
can also contribute to their conflict with the law (UNICEF, 2006).
 In the Philippines, the rehabilitation of these children is crucial.
The research focuses on the specific challenges faced by former
child offenders within the Philippines context, aiming to improve
rehabilitation programs. The study considers cultural values and
societal factors specific to the Philippines to design culturally
relevant interventions (Santos, 2020).
 Theoretical Background
Social Control Theory by Travis Hirschi (1969)
 suggests that an individual's behavior is influenced by their societal
bonds, and deviation from societal norms is determined by the
strength of these bonds. The theory identifies four elements that
influence a person's bond to society and their likelihood of
committing a crime namely:
1. Attachment
2. Commitment
3. Involvement
4. Beliefs
 Theoretical Background
Labeling Theory by Howard Becker’s (1963)

 Howard Becker's Labeling Theory (1963) focuses on how

social control agents attach stigmatizing labels to certain
groups, influencing their self-concept and behavior. Deviance
is seen as a consequence of external judgments that modify
individuals' identities and affect how others treat them.
Labeling theory emphasizes the self-fulfilling prophecy where
labels lead to delinquent behavior. It highlights that labels
vary based on culture, time, and situation.
 Theoretical Background
Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura (1969)
 Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes the role of observation,
imitation, and modeling in learning behavior. It suggests that individuals acquire
knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs by observing the actions of others and the
consequences that follow. The theory highlights four key mediational processes:
attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation.
• Attention involves capturing the observer's interest and deeming the model's
behavior worthy of attention.
• Retention refers to storing the observed behavior in memory for future recall.
• Motor reproduction involves the ability to physically perform the observed
behavior.
• Motivation considers the perceived rewards and punishments associated with
imitating the behavior.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child (UNCRC) is an international instrument that establishes
the rights of children around the world.

Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (Republic Act 9344)

In the Philippines, the Juvenile Justice and

Welfare Act of 2006 (Republic Act 9344) was
enacted to establish a comprehensive system for
juvenile justice and welfare.
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
This will explore the experiences of former child in conflict with the
law in the rehabilitation programs in Burauen, Leyte.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following
questions?
1. What are the experiences of informants in their rehabilitation
programs?
2. How do the informants address problems encounter in their
rehabilitation programs?
3. What are the aspiration of the informants to improve their quality
of life in their rehabilitation programs?
 Significance of the Study
FORMER FORMER
LOCAL
CHILDREN CHILDREN
GOVER FUTURE
IN IN RESEAR
NMENT DSWD COMMUNITY RESEAR
CONFLICT CONFLICT CHERS
UNIT CHERS
WITH THE WITH THE (LGU)
LAW LAW
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study will employ a
qualitative research design to
explore the lived experiences of
former children in conflict with
the law within rehabilitation
programs. Subjective
viewpoints and complex
narratives from individuals are
best captured through
qualitative approaches.
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
The locale of the study focusing on the former
children in conflict with the law is centered in Burauen,
Leyte, it is a municipality located in the province of
Leyte in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines.
Situated in the central part of Leyte Island. It is nestled
within a scenic landscape, characterized by rolling hills,
lush greenery, and picturesque mountain ranges. The
municipality is rich in natural resources, including
fertile agricultural lands and bodies of water.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Informants
Ten (10) former children in conflict
with the law will take part in this study.
The researcher regarded them as
informants because they were directly
involved in the situation and had first-
hand knowledge of the information
required for this study, as they provided
the necessary data. The informants will be
those who have rendered at least 1 year in
the rehabilitation program of Bahay Pag-
asa. Four (4) of the informants will be
individual interviews while the six (6)
informants will be included in the focused
group discussion.
Research Instruments
A semi-structured interview guide
was the research tool used in this study. The
questions in this interview guide are
intended to elicit details and perspectives
from former children in conflict with the law
(CICL) who have completed a rehabilitation
program. The format of the questions
provide a foundation for the interview while
allowing for flexibility and the exploration
of new subjects as they come up.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Procedures
Data collection Trustworthiness

Data analysis Credibility

Dependability
Ethical consideration
Transferability

Confirmability

Reflexibility
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Addressing the problems encountered in rehabilitation programs Involves acknowledging and
actively working to resolve the challenges and barriers that arise during the process of assisting
individuals in their rehabilitation journey. It is essential to identify, understand, and mitigate these
problems to ensure the effectiveness and success of the rehabilitation programs.
 Aspirations of the informants to improve their quality of life in their rehabilitation
programs. Refer to the desires, goals, and hopes that individuals in rehabilitation hold for
themselves to enhance their overall well-being and create positive changes in their lives. These
aspirations reflect their desires for personal growth, successful reintegration into society, and
breaking the cycle of criminal behavior. They encompass various aspects related to physical,
emotional, social, and psychological well-being.
 Experiences of informants in their rehabilitation programs. Refers to the unique set of
thoughts, emotions, challenges, and growth that individuals undergo while participating in and
completing a rehabilitation program. These experiences can encompass various aspects, such
as the process of change, personal reflections, interactions with program staff and fellow
participants, and the impact of the program on their lives.
 REFERENCES
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques
and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage Publications.
Hirschi, T. (1967). Causes of delinquency. University of California Press.
Hirschi, T. (1969). A control theory of delinquency. In Delinquency: Selected studies. Free Press.
Republic Act 9344 (2006). Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006.
United Nations, Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2007). Concluding observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: The Philippines.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.
Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. Free Press.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. University of California Press.
Republic Act 9344. (2006). Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006.
United Nations, Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2007). Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: The Philippines.
UNICEF. (2006). The administration of juvenile justice: A handbook on law, policy and practice. United Nations.
Internet sources
https://www.britannica.com/topic/labeling-theory/Links-modified-labeling-theory
https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-control-theory.html
https://www.thoughtco.com/social-control-3026587
https://www.simplypsychology.org/labeling-theory.html
https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/ijmer/pdf/volume10/volume10-issue11(2)/6.pdf
THANK YOU