ELECTRICAL VEHICLES
PRANAV T
INTRODUCTION
. “ELECTRIC CARS ARE AUTOMOBILES, WHICH ARE
POWERED BY THE ELECTRIC ENGINE AND ELECTRIC
ENERGY.
. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLES IS A
VERY PERSPECTIVE AND IMPORTANT PROCESS
. EVS, ARE VEHICLES THAT ARE POWERED BY AN
ELECTRIC MOTOR INSTEAD OF AN INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
HISTORY OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLES
THE HISTORY OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE BEGAN IN THE MID- 19TH CENTURY
. 1832: ROBERT ANDERSON INVENTS A NON-RECHARGEABLE ELECTRIC
CARRIAGE
. 1835: THOMAS DAVENPORT BUILDS THE FIRST PRACTICAL ELECTRIC
VEHICLE.
1976: GENERAL ELECTRIC WAS CHOSEN TO CONSTRUCT A PARALLEL-HYBRID
SEDAN, AND TOYOTA BUILT ITS FIRST HYBRID CAR.
COMPONENTS
• MOTOR
• CONTROLLER
• CHARGER8
• DC/DC CONVERTER
• CONTACTORS
• BATTERIES
MOTOR
• GENERALLY THE
BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR IS
USED
• SIMPLER TO MAINTAIN,
MORE DURABLE,
SMALLER.
• 85%-90% MORE EFFICIENT.
• ABLE TO SELF-START.
CONTROLER
• CONTROL THE BLDC MOTOR.
• INCREASE EFFICIENCY, RELIABILITY AND EXTENDED BATTERY LIFE
TIME.
CHARGER
• IT CONTAINS A PLUG THAT CONNECTS ELECTRIC VEHICLE
BATTERIES TO AN ELECTRICAL SOURCE, PROVIDING THE
BATTERIES WITH ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
DC/DC CONVERTER
• RECHARGES THE BATTERY THROUGH DC CONVERTER.
• THE LOTA DLS-55 IS THE MOST COMMON OPTION.
CONTACTORS
• THIS IS LIKE A BIG ON SWITCH, POWERING UP THE DRIVE
CIRCUIT WHEN WE TURN THE KEY.
• THE NANFENG ZJW400A IS AN ECONOMICAL OPTION, OR THE
GIGAVAC GX14 IS A HIGHER POWERED OPTION.
BATTERIES OF EV
• THE BATTERIES THAT ARE USED FOR ELECTRIC CARS ARE
RECHARGEABLE.
• FLOW OF ELECTRONS CAN BE REVERSED TO “RELOAD” THE
NEGATIVE ELECTRODE AND MAKES THE BATTERY
RECHARGEABLE.
POWER FOR THE ELECTRIC MOTOR
• AN ELECTRIC MOTOR HAS POWER
AND IN TUM PUTS OUT A FORCE
THAT IS MEASURED IN TORQUE.
• THE BASIC EQUATION FOR POWER
IS:
• P TW (1)
• FOR A BASIC MOTOR THERE ARE
TWO PARAMETERS THAT CAN HELP
SHOW HOW THE MOTOR WORKS.
• VELOCITY FUNCTION: P (W) = -(T,
/W,) W? +T, W (2)
• TORQUE FUNCTION P (W)= -(W/T)
• THE ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROLLER TAKES THE
POWER FROM THE BATTERIES AND DELIVERS IT TO
THE MOTOR.
• WORKING OF ELECTRIC ENGINE AND BLDC MOTOR.
VARIOUS EV
ADVANTAGES
• REDUCE DEPENDENCES ON OIL AND GASOLINE.
• POLLUTANTS AND NOISE FREE.
• RECYCLABLE BATTERIES.
• NO FIRE HAZARDS.
• LOW MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION COST.
DISADVANTAGES
• HIGH PRICE, TESLA MODAL COSTS AROUND
$50,000.
• HIGH RECHARGE TIME.
• SILENCE MAY BE FATAL.
• RANGE LIES BETWEEN 25-30 MILES ONLY.
CONCLUSION
• WITH THIS, WE COME TO FOLLOWINGFACTS THAT NUMBER OF EXPECTED VEHICLES DOUBLING ON THE
ROADS IN THE NEAR FUTURE THE NEED FOR THIS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IS VERY EVIDENT AND HAS
PROMISING RETURNS.
• IMPORTANT TO PRODUCE VEHICLES THAT DO LESS, HAVE A LONGER RANGE, AND USE LESS ENERGY.
• LOWER OUR TOXIC ENMISSIONSAND LOCALIZE GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS.
• INCREASE THE OVERALL ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CARS
REFERENCES
• [1] SENGER, R., M. MARKEL, AND J.NELSON,”VALIDATION OF
ADVISOR IN A SERIES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE,” SAE PAPER
981133, 1998.
• [2] WIPKE ANDERSON, SAMUEL JOHNSON, “FUTURE
PERSPECTIVE OF EV,” IJOART PAPER,2008.
• [3] DONALD MACARTHUR,BROOKER
PEGOTTY,”ELECTRICALVEHICLE A SUSTAINABLE VIEW,” USER
PAPER 2011
• [4] STEVENSONPARKER,”EV-A GREEN VISION FOR COMING
GENERATION,”IEEE XPLORE, 2010
