VSEPR theory

Get ready to dive into the fascinating world of VSEPR theory, where we'll
explore the shapes of molecules and the principles and rules behind them.

by Snipexx gaming
The Octet Rule
What is it?

The octet rule explains why atoms tend to form bonds with each other to achieve a full outer
electron shell containing eight electrons.

Why is it important?

Understanding the octet rule helps us to predict how atoms will react with each other, and what
types of bonds they will form.

Exceptions to the rule

Some atoms, like hydrogen and helium, can achieve a full outer shell with only two electrons, so
the octet rule doesn't always apply.
Common Molecular Shapes

Linear Trigonal Planar

Two bonding pairs of electrons and no lone pairs Three bonding pairs of electrons and no lone pairs
result in a linear molecular shape. result in a trigonal planar molecular shape.

Tetrahedral Trigonal Bipyramidal

Four bonding pairs of electrons and no lone pairs Five bonding pairs of electrons and no lone pairs
Understanding Polarity and Bond Angles
1 Polarity

Molecules with polar bonds have an uneven distribution of charge that creates a positive and
negative end. This affects the molecule's properties and interactions with other molecules.

2 Bond Angles

The bond angle is the angle between two adjacent bonds in a molecule. It determines the molecular
shape and is affected by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons in the molecule.

3 Examples of Polar Molecules

Water and ammonia are examples of molecules with polar bonds and different bond angles,
resulting in distinct molecular shapes and properties.
Applications of VSEPR Theory
Predicting Molecular Shapes
Using VSEPR theory, we can predict the molecular
shape of a molecule by counting the number of
bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the
central atom.
Understanding Bonding
Understanding the molecular shape and polarity of a
molecule can help us better understand its chemical
and physical properties, including its reactivity and
solubility.
The Limitations of VSEPR Theory
1 Complications with Large Molecules or Transition Metals

VSEPR theory doesn't always apply when dealing with large or complex molecules, such as
proteins and enzymes, or transition metal compounds.

2 Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Some atoms, such as the elements in the third and higher rows of the periodic table, can have
expanded valence shells and don't always follow the octet rule.
Conclusion
Recap of VSEPR Theory
By understanding VSEPR theory, we can predict the
molecular shape and polarity of a molecule and better
understand its properties and behaviour.
Importance of VSEPR Theory in
Understanding Chemical Bonding
VSEPR theory is a fundamental concept in chemistry
that helps us understand how atoms bond to form
molecules and how those molecules interact with each
other.