WHAT IS YOUR DREAM HOME?

A FUNCTIONAL AND COST-

FRIENDLY HOME
 HighRoad Structure & Management

BUILDING MATERIALS &

ASSEMBLIES

B U I L D I N G S Y S T E M D E S I G N
 TOPICS
• Materials and Assemblies
• Exterior Design
• Interior Design
• Finishes and Products
• Environmental Impact of Construction Materials
• Reuse and Recycling of Construction Materials

HighRoad Structure & Management

MATERIALS &
ASSEMBLIES

HighRoad Structure & Management

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS
• CLASSIFICATIONS
• PERFORMANCE
• ECONOMICS

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
WHAT ARE
BUILDING
MATERIALS?
• Building materials encompass any
construction product incorporated
permanently into a building or its parts, as

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

well as debris resulting from construction,
renovation, or demolition processes.

MANAGEMENT
 HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &
MANAGEMENT
APPLICATIONS
CATEGORIES OF
BUILDING MATERIALS
• Natural Building Materials
• Artificial Building Materials

HighRoad Structure & Management

NATURAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
Building materials that are
available naturally such as Mud,
stone, sand, wood, leaves, lime,
fibres.

HighRoad Structure & Management

MUD
• One of the first material used
along with chopped straw to
form kutcha houses.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
STONE
Widely used in walls, floors,
foundations, and roofs.

Commonly used stones in constructions:

• Granite
• Marble
• Sandstone
• Limestone

HighRoad Structure & Management

SAND
• As rock disintegrates, small
grains are produced subsequently
to form sands.

APPLICATIONS:

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

• Concrete
• Mortars

MANAGEMENT
• Plasters
WOOD
• ·Most important building material in all period.

• Sources of woods: Deodar, Teak, and bamboo

trees.

HighRoad Structure & Management

WOOD
APPLICATIONS ARE:

• Windows
• Doors
• Ceiling
• Roofing

HighRoad Structure & Management

LIME
• Also known as Nature’s cement
• Palaces, monuments, temples,
and bridges.
• Still being used as damp proofing

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

material in floors and roofs.

MANAGEMENT
HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &
MANAGEMENT
ARTIFICIAL BUILDING
MATERIALS

• Materials that undergo human

processing, and also known
as manmade materials such
as cement brick, glass, metal,
tiles, plastics.

HighRoad Structure & Management

CEMENT
• ·Most famous for its quick setting
properties. Strength and
durability, built with aggregates

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

such as gravel and broken stones.

MANAGEMENT
BRICKS
• Works best against sound and heat.
And can come in various shapes and
design through molding.

HighRoad Structure & Management

TILES
• Tiles in construction refer to flat,
thin pieces of material, typically
ceramic, stone, or porcelain, used
to cover surfaces such as floors,

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

walls, or roofs for decorative or
protective purposes.

MANAGEMENT
GLASS
• ·manufactured by heating soda,
lime, and sand for glazing doors
and windows.

HighRoad Structure & Management

METALS
• Examples are steel rods,
commonly used in reinforced
concrete.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
PLASTICS
• ·most versatile materials.
Used in taps, switch board
and domestic furnitures.

HighRoad Structure & Management

AGGREGATES
HighRoad Structure & Management
 AGGREGATES
• AN IMPORTANT CONSTITUENTS OF THE CONCRETE .
• GIVE BODY TO THE CONCRETE AND ALSO REDUCE
SHRINKAGE.
• AGGREGATES OCCUPY 70 TO 80 % OF TOTAL
VOLUME OF CONCRETE.

HighRoad Structure & Management

 HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &
MANAGEMENT
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF AGGREGATES
ROUNDED AGGREGATES Based on shape

• Shaped by attrition, minimizes voids, enhancing workability.

• minimum percentage of voids (32 – 33%)
• not considered for high-strength concrete because of poor interlocking
behavior and weak bond strength.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
IRREGULAR AGGREGATES Based on shape

• Partly rounded, lower workability compared to rounded aggregates.

• may result 35- 37% of voids.
• The bond strength is slightly higher than rounded aggregates but not as
required for high strength concrete.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
ANGULAR AGGREGATES Based on shape

• well-defined edges, maximize voids, suitable for high-strength concrete.

• maximum percentage of voids (38-45%)
• They give 10-20% more compressive strength due to development of stronger aggregate-
mortar bond.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
FLAKY AGGREGATES Based on shape

• Small thickness compared to width and length.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
ELONGATED AGGREGATES Based on shape

• Length exceeds other dimensions.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
BASED ON SIZE
• Fine aggregate: Passes through a 4.75mm sieve, includes sand, silt, and clay.
• Coarse aggregate: Retained by a 4.75mm sieve, includes gravel, cobble, and boulders.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
 ASSEMBLY
“ANY FOUR WALLS AND A ROOF MAKE AN ENCLOSURE,
BUT FOR EFFICIENCY, COMFORT, AND DURABILITY,
THOSE ELEMENTS HAVE TO BE METICULOUSLY
DESIGNED AND INSTALLED.”

HighRoad Structure & Management

 ASSEMBLY
“ANY FOUR WALLS AND A ROOF MAKE AN ENCLOSURE,
BUT FOR EFFICIENCY, COMFORT, AND DURABILITY,
THOSE ELEMENTS HAVE TO BE METICULOUSLY
DESIGNED AND INSTALLED.”
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

HighRoad Structure & Management

HighRoad Structure & Management
 AON BUILDING (BIG STAN)
• ICONIC SKYSCRAPER WITH A UNIQUE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND AN
AESTHETIC CHOICE OF CARRARA MARBLE CLADDING.
• WITH 83 FLOORS AND A HEIGHT OF 1,136 FEET (346 M), IT IS THE
FOURTH-TALLEST BUILDING IN CHICAGO
• EXPERIENCED ISSUES WITH CRACKING AND FALLING DUE TO
EXTREME TEMPERATURE CHANGES, LEADING TO A LARGE-SCALE
RENOVATION PROJECT.
• ALL 43,000 MARBLE PANELS WERE REPLACED WITH GRANITE, MAKING
IT ONE OF THE LARGEST RE-CLADDING PROJECTS AT THE TIME. THE
RENOVATION TOOK FOUR YEARS AND COST AROUND $80 MILLION

HighRoad Structure & Management

RESIDENTIAL INTERIOR DESIGN
Focuses on creating comfortable and functional living
spaces within homes. This includes considerations for
layout, furniture selection, lighting, and color schemes that
enhance livability while complying with safety codes such
as those related to fire exits, electrical systems, and
ventilation.

HIGHROAD STRUCTURE &

MANAGEMENT
COMMERCIAL
INTERIOR
DESIGN
Involves designing interior spaces for businesses,
offices, retail stores, and hospitality establishments.
Compliance with building codes ensures accessibility
for people with disabilities, adequate space planning for
circulation and occupancy loads, as well as adherence to
fire safety regulations.

HighRoad Structure & Management

EXAMPLES
OF INTERIOR DESIGN
• Exposed Brick Walls:
• Statement Lighting Fixtures
• Living Walls or Vertical Gardens:
• Textured Wallpaper or Wall Coverings:
• Reclaimed Wood Accents:
• Built-In Storage Solutions:
• Glass Partitions or Room Dividers:
• Exposed Ceiling Beams or Trusses:

HighRoad Structure & Management

EXPOSED BRICK
WALLS
Incorporating exposed brick walls adds texture,
character, and a sense of history to interior spaces. This
design element is popular in industrial-style lofts, urban
apartments, and modern rustic homes.

HighRoad Structure & Management

STATEMENT
LIGHTING FIXTURES

Unique and eye-catching lighting fixtures,

such as chandeliers, pendant lights, or
sculptural lamps, can serve as focal points
and enhance the ambiance of a room. They
add drama, style, and functionality to various
interior settings.

HighRoad Structure & Management

HighRoad Structure & Management

LIVING
WALLS OR
VERTICAL
GARDENS
Living walls feature lush greenery and plants
integrated into vertical structures, bringing
nature indoors and improving air quality. They
are ideal for spaces with limited floor area and
can act as natural dividers or decorative
elements.
TEXTURED WALLPAPER
OR WALL COVERINGS

Textured wallpaper or wall coverings add depth, dimension, and

visual interest to walls. They come in a variety of patterns,
finishes, and materials, including grasscloth, cork, embossed
vinyl, and fabric-backed options.

HighRoad Structure & Management

 RECLAIMED WOOD
ACCENTS
Incorporating reclaimed wood accents,
such as barn doors, accent walls, or
furniture pieces, adds warmth, character,
and sustainability to interior spaces.
Reclaimed wood brings a sense of history
and authenticity to modern interiors.

HighRoad Structure & Management

BUILT-IN
STORAGE
SOLUTIONS
Built-in storage solutions, such as bookshelves,
cabinets, and window seats with hidden storage
compartments, optimize space utilization and reduce
clutter. They are practical, space-saving, and can be
customized to suit specific storage needs.

HighRoad Structure & Management

HighRoad Structure & Management

GLASS
PARTITIONS
OR ROOM
DIVIDERS
Glass partitions or room dividers allow for
separation of spaces while maintaining visual
openness and light transmission. They are ideal
for creating semi-private areas in open-plan
layouts, such as offices, lofts, or studio
apartments.
EXPOSED CEILING
BEAMS OR TRUSSES

Exposed ceiling beams or trusses add architectural

interest and a sense of warmth to interiors. They can be
left in their natural state for a rustic look or painted to
complement the overall design scheme.

HighRoad Structure & Management

HighRoad Structure & Management

EXTERIOR DESIGN
EXTERIOR
DESIGN
The importance and value of exterior design in building
systems cannot be overstated. Exterior design plays a crucial
role in shaping the overall aesthetic appeal, functionality, and
sustainability of a building. This portion explores various
types of exterior design while maintaining compliance with
relevant building regulations.

HighRoad Structure & Management

HighRoad Structure & management

Architectural Style
Energy Efficiency
FACTORS AFFECTING Weather and Environment

EXTERIOR DESIGN Deed restriction, Covenant,

HOA Guidelines
Local Building Codes
Impact on insurance
 ARCHITECTURAL
STYLE
The architectural style of yo ur ho me will narrow
down y our o ptions for exterior materials based on
what is authentic and ap propriate to that style.

Colonial Ranch
Victorian Contemporary/Modern
Tudor Cottage
Craftsman Mid-Century Modern
Mediterranean Farmhouse
Highroad Structure & Management

ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
If you are interested in saving on your energy bill,
choose materials with the appropriate insulation
properties.

Using bright color or materials strategically will allow

you to reflect light in certain ways to illuminate a
section of your home
 WEATHER AND
ENVIRONMENT
The exterior materials of a home are its first defense against extreme
weather events such as ice and snow, heavy rainfall, or high winds.

Building materials may also depend on the orientation of the building

relative to sun movement pattern.

HighRoad Structure & management

HighRoad Structure & Management

DEED RESTRICTION CO
VENANT
HOA GUIDELINES

Deed Restriction
Deed restrictions are agreements that restrict the use of a piece of real estate that are
contained, unsurprisingly, in the property deed.

Covenants
Covenants are legal contracts that spell out what you may and may not do to the
exterior of your home. Covenants are typically found in the HOA terms rather than the
property deed

HOA Guidlines
HOA guidelines are put into place to preserve a certain level of uniformity within a
development or community
LOCAL BUILDING CODE
Building codes often restrict materials based on their
history of fire-resistance or durability against
prevailing weather or seismic conditions.

HighRoad Structure & Management

 IMPACT ON
INSURANCE
Insurance companies may have restrictions on
the type of material used on the roof and
exterior to mitigate expensive replacement and
repair after damage or to limit the spread of
fire.

HighRoad Structure & Management

Finishes &
Products

HighRoad Structure & Management

 FINISHING MATERIAL
• Used to improve the service and decorative qualities
of buildings and structures
• Protects structural members from atmospheric and
other effects
• Usually designed for interior and/or exterior
finishing

HighRoad Structure & Management

TYPES OF FINISH
FOR BUILDINGS
1. Applied Finish
2. Self Finish/Inherent finish

HighRoad Structure & Management

FOUR MAIN BUILDING
COMPONENTS FINISHES

1. FLOOR FINISHES
2. WALL FINISHES
3. CEILINGS FINISHES
4. ROOF FINISHES

HighRoad Structure & Management

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING
FLOOR FINISHES

Type of base
Room usage
Degree of comfort required
Maintenance
Cost
Appearance
Safety
Individual preference HighRoad Structure & Management
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING
WALL FINISHES

Room usage
Degree of comfort required
Maintenance
Cost
Suitability of decoration
Fire protection
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING
CEILING FINISHES

Type of fl oor structure

Appea rance
Dur abil i t y
Saf et y t o occupants
The loca ti on of m echanical se rvice s/ equi pm ent
Fire r esist ance
Lif e spa n
Econom y
Funct ion of the building
Need for acoustic elem ents
Environmental
Impact of
Construction
Materials

HighRoad Structure & Management

ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
This assessment should consider factors such as energy consumption,
greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and waste generation throughout the
lifecycle of the building.

HighRoad Structure & Management

SUSTAINABLE
MATERIAL SELECTION
National building codes increasingly emphasize the importance of selecting
sustainable construction materials.

HighRoad Structure & Management

RENEWABLE AND
RECYCLED RESOURCES
preference should be given to materials derived from renewable resources or
recycled materials.

HighRoad Structure & Management

ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND INSULATION
Energy efficiency requirements aimed at reducing the environmental footprint
of construction projects. Opting for materials with high thermal insulation
properties helps minimize energy consumption for heating and cooling.

HighRoad Structure & Management

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Effective waste management is integral to mitigating the environmental

impact of construction materials.

HighRoad Structure & Management

REUSE & RECYCLE OF
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS

HighRoad Structure & Management

 WHAT?

CONSTRUCTION WASTE RECYCLING IS THE PROCESS OF

REUSING OR REPURPOSING MATERIALS AND WASTE
GENERATED DURING CONSTRUCTION, RENOVATION, OR
DEMOLITION ACTIVITIES.

HighRoad Structure & Management

 BUT,
PRE-RECYCLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION
WASTE MATERIALS

• Material Identification and Classification

• Safety and Health Hazards
• Regulatory Compliance
• Quality Assessment
• Logistics and Transportation
• Economic Viability
• Environmental Impact

HighRoad Structure & Management

 WHEN?
Construction waste recycling should be integrated into the construction
process from the planning stage through to completion.

HighRoad Structure & Management

WHICH?
Commonly Recovered Construction Materials

• Asphalt Paving
• Land Clearing Residuals
• Wood
• Gypsum Wallboard
• Demolished Buildings
• Metals
• Concrete
• Roofing (non-asphalt shingles)
• Bricks

HighRoad Structure & Management

 Commonly Recovered Construction Materials

ASPHALT PAVING LAND RESIDUAL MATERIALS

HighRoad Structure & Management

 Commonly Recovered Construction Materials

WOODS METALS

HighRoad Structure & Management

 Commonly Recovered Construction Materials

CONCRETE BRICKS

HighRoad Structure & Management

 WHY?
Benefits of Reusing & Recycling Construction Materials

• Reduces emissions/pollution
• Conserves landfill space/costs
• Saves energy
• economic activity Saves money

HighRoad Structure & Management

HighRoad Structure & Management

MEET OUR TEAM

Hero John Russel Franc Lavarias Mc Dowell

kalbo Leader Pretty Privillage UNUSUAL CREATURE
HighRoad Structure & Management

THANK YOU
H . R . S . M .