Water Resources Development in India

Water Resources
(In Billion Cubic Meter)

Total rainfall Total Water Availability Total Utilizable Water Surface water Ground water Total

4000 1869

690 432 1122

Irrigation Development
(In million ha)

Ultimate Irrigation Potential Potential created upto March,2002 Major & medium Projects Minor Irrigation - Surface water - Ground water Target X Plan

139.89 93.95 37.05 12.00 44.90 15.16

Storage Created
(In Billion Cubic Meter)

Live Storage created Pre-plan Created during plan periods (up to 8 th Plan Cumulative up to 8 th Plan Live storage in projects under construction Live storage contemplated through projects under consideration

15.64 161.09 176.73 75.45 132.32

Per Capita Storage

(Cubic Meter)

Russia Australia Brazil China India

6103 4333 3145 1111 262

Challenges in Water Resources

Per Capita Water Availability

(Cubic Meter Per Year)

1951 1991 2001 2025 2050

5177 2209 1820 1341 1140

Water Demand
(In Billion Cubic Metre)

Present Demand Total Anticipated Demand In 2010 In 2025 In 2050

605

813 1093 1447

Demands of various Sectors

(In percentag

Sector Irrigation Domestic Industries Power others Evaporation losses

1997 83 4 3 2 2 6

2010 78 6 5 3 2 6

2025 72 7 8 4 2 6

2050 68 9 7 6 3 7

Sedimentation problem
Sedimentation rate very due to young formation of Himalayan ranges Sedimentation rate in India varies from 4.65 to 21.10 ha m/100 km2 /year Sedimentation leading to: - erosion of fertile soil cover -- shorter life of reservoirs

Issues Requiring Immediate Attention

Reduction in Storage of Reservoirs

Result of survey of 114 reservoirs indicates: More than 25% reduction in useful capacity in 47 reservoirs In some cases, reduction in storage capacity > 50%

Ground Water Exploitation

158 Blocks dark 305 over exploited Concentration of dark & overexploited blocks in Rajasthan, Punjab, Tamilnadu, Haryana & Gujarat

Water Quality
Riverine Length (km) High Pollution Moderate Pollution Relatively clean 6086 8691 30242

Poor Efficiency
Efficiency of irrigation system relatively very low Present level of efficiency -surface water: 35-40% -- ground water: 65-70% Scope for further improvement -surface water: 60% -- Ground water: 75%

What Next?

Efficient Use of Water

Appropriate techniques for optimizing water use efficiency Scientific water management and farm practices Measures to minimize water loss

Better Management Practices

Awareness and peoples participation Rotational irrigation (warabandi) River basin organizations

Major schemes of MoWR

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit programme Command area development & Water Management Programmes Renovation & restoration of Water Bodies Rain water harvesting and recharge of Ground water (In Pipeline)

Thank You