Duration: 50 min Senior High School Grade 11 - Biyo General Biology 2
Evolution and Origin of
Biodiversity:
Mechanisms of
Evolution
Learning objectives
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
[Link] the different mechanism of change in
populations from generation to generation
[Link] the mechanisms of evolution and its
consequences in terms of fitness, adaptation, average
phenotype, and genetic diversity
[Link] the contribution and impact of mechanism
that produce change in population from generation to
generation
Introduction
What is Evolution?
It describes a mechanism for
the change and diversification
of species over time.
Introduction
What are the Mechanisms of
Evolution?
These are the processes that cause
changes in the frequency of alleles in a
population over time.
Mechanisms of evolution include natural
selection, mutation, genetic drift and gene
flow.
Natural Selection
Survival of the fittest
Evolution by natural selection results in individuals that are a better fit to
their environment.
2. Discussion – Virus, a mortal enemy
It occurs when the environment exerts a pressure on a population so that
only some phenotypes survive and reproduce successfully.
An example of this would be the changes of the beaks of Galapagos
Finches in Galapagos Island.
Mutation
Evolution by mutation occurs whenever a mistake in the DNA
occurs in the heritable cells of an organism.
Mutation is a source of new alleles in the population .
Mutation
2. Discussion generates
– Virus, a mortal enemy variation.
Mutation rates are low relative to population growth in most
species, mutation alone doesn’t have much of an effect on
evolution. But mutation combined with one of the other
mechanisms of evolution (genetic drift, natural selection,
and gene flow) can result in meaningful changes in allele
frequencies in a population.
Genetic Drift
Small population
Genetic Drift happens when a random change in allele frequencies
occur in a small population due to chance events
Evolution
2. Discussion by genetic
– Virus, a mortal enemy drift causes changes in populations by
chance alone
Sometimes drift reduces the average fitness of a population for its
environment
Gene Flow
Migration
Gene flow refers to any movement of individuals, and/or the
genetic material they carry from one population to another
Evolution
2. Discussion by gene
– Virus, a mortal enemy flow (migration) makes two different populations
more similar with each other
JUDGE IT!
Scenario 1:
When a red beetle travels into the blue group,
2. Discussion – Virus, a mortal enemy
the gene pool of the blue group is changed.
GENE FLOW
JUDGE IT!
Scenario 2:
If a group of beetles is half red and half blue,
2. Discussion – Virus, a mortal enemy
and by random chance, a hurricane wipes out
three blue beetles, then the gene pool is
changed.
GENETIC DRIFT
JUDGE IT!
Scenario 3:
There is a clan
2. Discussion – Virus, a mortal enemy
of blue beetles, one day a
pregnant beetle gives birth to a red beetle.
MUTATION
JUDGE IT!
Scenario 4:
There is a beautiful grassland with both green and red beetles
living there.
2. Discussion Oneenemy
– Virus, a mortal day, a bird comes along and is searching for
some beetles to eat. The green beetles are camouflaged so the
predator can’t see them. The predator eats the red beetles since
the bird can see them. Now there are no red beetles and only
green beetles exist. The green beetles reproduce and there are
now more green beetles.
NATURAL SELECTION
REFLECT ON IT!
The contribution and impact of mechanism of change in the present time:
2. Discussion – Virus, a mortal enemy
The genetic diversity of the population changed.
It affects the fitness of an organism.
It affects the phenotype of a trait in a population.
SUM IT UP!
DO IT!
On a short bond paper, make a poster
2. Discussion demonstrating
– Virus, a mortal enemy the basic mechanism of evolution.
Creativity - 40%
Neatness - 30%
Punctuality - 30%
