Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Economies of T D V E
Economies of T D V E
VS ELECTRIC
Modernization
Energy Efficiency
More Economical
Eco-friendly
How true is the above ?
Electric Traction - 1881
After many decades of satisfactory performance, the steam
engines were to give way to more modern locomotives. The
year 1881 saw the birth of the first electric Railway run by a
German Engineer Werner Van Siemens using both the rails
to carry the current. Finding this a little too dangerous,
Siemens soon adopted the overhead electric wires. Electric
locomotives today raun on Rail roads in many countries.
Diesel Traction - 1912
The diesel engine was invented in the year 1893, by a young
German Engineer, called Rudolf Diesel. But it was only
nineteen years later, that the first Diesel locomotive came into
existence.
Since then, diesel traction has grown from strength to
strength. Over 89,000 Diesel locomotives have been built
in the world so far, the General Motors, USA alone
contributing to as many as 56,000 Locomotives.
Superior Technology -
Diesel or Electric ?
Diesel Traction is thus a far more recent technology, as
compared to Electric traction. One reason why there are
more diesels in the world than electric locos and why more
and more are produced year after year.
Railways in Europe and some other advanced countries
had started Electrification many years before the modern
Diesels came on the scene.
In fact, Railways in modern economies like US, Australia,
etc. are de-electrifying including Suburban services.
Superior Technology -
Diesel or Electric ? - (ii)
Diesel locomotive is in fact an Electric Locomotive carrying
its own powerhouse. Todays modern Diesel locomotives
with 6 KMs of Electrical wiring is much more Electric than
an Electric locomotive with 4 KMs of wire.
Electric locomotive provides an easy means of drawing
larger units of power from the OHE for the same axle load.
Development of Technology for Low weight energy efficient
engine and its controls delayed the advent of modern
diesel locomotives.
Superior Technology -
Diesel or Electric ? - (iii)
Today, technological development in both tractions has
levelled of.
And for the same weight, Diesel traction has 10% or higher
load hauling capability.
It is conceded that technology of high speed Passenger
operation beyond 220 Kmph has advanced on Electric
traction, but this is perhaps quite irrelevant to us today.
Diesel locos with Electric transmission have all the benefits
of modern technology such as AC-AC transmission.
World Railways - Status of
Electrification
Railway Percentage
Electrified
U.S.A. 0.9%
Canada 0.1%
Australia 9.6%
China 15.6%
France 44%
India (BG) 44%
Italy 59%
Sweden 59%
Austria 59%
Amtrack (USA) 100%
Source : Rail Business Report, 1999
Electrification on IR
It is often said that
Electrification on IR is hardly 24.5% of total network.
The truth is
Ever since Col. Blake discovered oil in 1857, this is the usual
pessimistic refrain that we hear.
include
Ethanol
Bio diesel
Bio hydrogen
Biogases
As given by Dr.D.K.TULI, Chief Research Manager - IOC
on 21-08-2002
Why Bio diesel is important
for Railways ?
#
Indian Rail has very large available
land
#
Bio diesel will help Railways to :
#
Improve upon emission norms
#
eventually reduce diesel cost
#
redeploy surplus manpower
#
contribute to environment protection
Importance of Bio diesel
+
Environment friendly
+
Clean burning
+
Renewable fuel
+
No engine modification
+
Increase in engine life
+
Biodegradable and non-toxic
+
Easy to handle and store
Bio diesel process at
IOC (R & D)
Mohuva Oil
Rapeseed oil
Japtropha oil
Karanjia Oil
Scale : 100 g to 60 Kg batch
IOC R & D BIODIESEL PILOT PLANT
The Indian Scene
O
Annual Growth rate -8% compared to world average of
2%
O
Oil pool deficit & subsidies Rs.16,000 Crores, Rs.18,440
Crores (1996-97)
O
Current per capital usage of petroleum is abysmally low
(0.1 ton / year) against 4.0 in Germany or 1.5 tons in
Malaysia
O
Even Malaysias figure would be beyond our paying
capacity
O
Our domestic production would meet only 33% of
demand at the end of 10th plan and only 27% by 2010-11
O
Investment in Biofuels make strong Economic sense.
Jatropha may be the Answer
U
According to the Economic Survey (1995-96), Govt. of India, of the
cultivable land area about 100-150 million hectares are classified
as waste or degraded land
U
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas, Ratanjyot, wild castor) thrives on any
type of soil
Propagation is easy
Yield from the 3rd year onwards and continues for 25-30 years
ROR worked out for 36 years, slightly less than the OHE Codal
life of 40 years to avoid Replacement costs getting reflected.