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    This document summarizes key aspects of infant and child development from prenatal periods through early childhood. It covers their emerging physical, cognitive, emotional, and social abilities. Physically, infants progress from reflexes to control of their heads and limbs based on cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles. Cognitively, Piaget's stages propose infants progress from sensorimotor skills to preoperational then concrete thought. Emotionally, infants display social engagement and attachment behaviors as well as temperaments. Socially, Freud and Erikson's theories address psychosexual and psychosocial development through early conflicts and stages.

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    This document summarizes key aspects of infant and child development from prenatal periods through early childhood. It covers their emerging physical, cognitive, emotional, and social abilities. Physically, infants progress from reflexes to control of their heads and limbs based on cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles. Cognitively, Piaget's stages propose infants progress from sensorimotor skills to preoperational then concrete thought. Emotionally, infants display social engagement and attachment behaviors as well as temperaments. Socially, Freud and Erikson's theories address psychosexual and psychosocial development through early conflicts and stages.

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    33 views13 pages

    Module 17

    Uploaded by

    Alva Evon
    This document summarizes key aspects of infant and child development from prenatal periods through early childhood. It covers their emerging physical, cognitive, emotional, and social abilities. Physically, infants progress from reflexes to control of their heads and limbs based on cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles. Cognitively, Piaget's stages propose infants progress from sensorimotor skills to preoperational then concrete thought. Emotionally, infants display social engagement and attachment behaviors as well as temperaments. Socially, Freud and Erikson's theories address psychosexual and psychosocial development through early conflicts and stages.

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    Module 17: Infancy & Childhood

    Click to edit Master subtitle style

    4/24/12

    Prenatal period
    1. Germinal Stage 2. Embryonic Stage 3. Fetal Stage

    4/24/12

    Drugs and Prenatal Development Alcohol Caffeine Cocaine plus other drugs Smoking/nicotine Lead Air pollutants

    4/24/12

    Newborns Abilities

    Genetic Development

    Brain growth

    Sensory Development

    Faces Hearing Touch Smell and taste Depth perception

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyxMq11xWzM&featur

    4/24/12

    Newborns Abilities

    Motor Development

    Proximodistal principle

    Development proceeds from the center of the body outward This means that the spinal cord develops before outer parts of the body. The child's arms develop before the hands and the hands and feet develop before the fingers and toes. Finger and toe muscles (used in fine motor dexterity) are the last to develop in physical development

    Cephalocaudal principle

    Development proceeds from the head downward


    According to this principle, the child gains control of the head first, then the arms, and then the legs. Infants develop control of the head and face movements within the first two months after birth. In the next few months, they are able to lift themselves up by using their arms. By 6 to 12 months of age, infants start to gain leg control and may be able to crawl, stand, or walk. Coordination of arms always precedes coordination of legs

    4/24/12The process of becoming mature

    Maturation

    Emotional development

    Emotional expression

    Social smiling Anger, surprise, sadness Fear Shame, shyness Contempt, guilt

    Temperament and emotions


    Easy Slow-to-warm-up Difficult No-single-category

    4/24/12

    Emotional development

    Attachment Ainsworth (1979)

    Secure

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36GI_1PBQpM&feature

    Insecure

    Still Face

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apzXGEbZht0&feature=relate

    4/24/12

    Cognitive development: Piaget

    Piagets theory Assimilation Accommodation

    4/24/12

    Piagets stages of cognitive development

    1. Sensorimotor

    Hidden objects Object permanence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0WhkOjln3c&featu

    2. Preoperational

    Conservation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtLEWVu815o&feat Egocentric thinking

    4/24/12

    Piagets stages of cognitive development

    3. Concrete Operations

    Conservation Classification

    4. Formal Operations

    Logical, systematic & abstract thinking Egocentric thinking


    Imaginary audience Personal fable

    4/24/12

    New information since Piaget

    Genetic factors Brain development

    4/24/12

    Social development: Freud

    Freuds Psychosexual Stages


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

    Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage Latency Stage Genital Stage

    4/24/12

    Social development: Erikson

    Eriksons Psychosocial Stages


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

    Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion

    4/24/12

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